万物关联:以“道德共同体”视角看《上层林冠》

The Connection:A Study of The Overstory from the Perspective of Moral Community

在现代社会价值多元、道德“不可公度性”、危机重重的现实困境下,阿拉斯戴尔·麦金太尔按照道德规范对待一切个体和群体,倡导建立道德共同体。在道德生活的统一性前提下,麦金太尔强调了个人与整体的联结关系。小说《上层林冠》在强调植物生命之余,通过对其中人物的叙事描写,体现出“统一性”道德共同体之中蕴藏的个人身份危机与文化整体危机。小说中,道德共同体视域下的统一性特征体现在个体、整体以及二者之间的联结关系中。因此,应对危机需要个体的特殊性、整体的道德共识与认同,以及万物关联的合力。

In the face of the plurality of values in modern society and the reality of the crisis of“incommensurability”in morality,Alasdair MacIntyre treats all individuals and groups in accordance with moral norms and advocates the establishment of a moral community.On the premise of the unity of moral life,MacIntyre emphasized the connection between the individual and the whole.In addition to emphasizing plant life,through the narrative descriptions of its characters,The Overstory reflects the crisis of individual identity and the crisis of cultural embedded in the moral community of unity.In the text,the unity of the moral community is characterized by the individual,the whole,and the connection between them.Therefore,in order to cope with the crisis,we need the specificity of the individual,the moral consensus and identity of the whole,and the synergy of all things.