应用生物炭修复石油污染环境研究进展

Research Progress in Application of Biochar for Remediation of Petroleum Contaminated Environment

随着经济全球化以及石油、石化工业的迅猛发展,对石油及其产品的需求量和使用量日渐增长。石油在开采、运输和使用过程中很容易出现泄漏事故,泄漏的石油一旦进入土壤和水体就会在环境中长期存留并对环境安全构成威胁。环境本身的自我修复能力很难在短时间内清除石油污染,因此需要人工干预来加速石油污染的修复过程。生物质经限氧裂解制得的生物炭具有原材料来源范围广、易制取、成本低等特点,其丰富的孔隙结构和较强的吸附性可以应用于石油污染环境的修复。本文阐述了生物炭的特性及其吸附性能的影响因素,综述了生物炭在石油污染土壤和海洋溢油修复中的研究及应用现状。结合最新的研究成果,提出了应用生物炭修复石油污染环境具有广阔的发展前景。

With the rapid development of economic globalization and the petroleum and petrochemical industries,the demand and usage of petroleum and its products are increasing day by day.Oil leakage accidents are prone to occur during oil extraction,transportation,and use process.Once leaked oil enters soil and water,it will remain a relatively long time and pose a threat to environmental safety.The self-remediation of the environment is difficult to remove oil pollutants in a short period of time,so manual intervention is needed to accelerate the process.Biochar produced from biomass through pyrolysis under oxygen limited environment has the advantage of being produced easily from a wide range of raw materials with low cost.Its rich pore structure and strong adsorption capacity can be applied to the remediation of petroleum polluted environments.This article elaborates on the characteristics of biochar and the influencing factors of its adsorption performance,and summarizes the research and application status of biochar in the remediation of oil contaminated soil and marine oil spills.Based on the latest research results,it is proposed that the application of biochar in the remediation of petroleum polluted environments has great development prospects.