“挑大梁”还是“搭把手”:中坚农民参与乡村治理的角色甄定

“Leading”or“Helping”:Identifying the Role of Core Farmers in Rural Governance

在推动组织振兴与乡村振兴同频共振的叙事中,中坚农民群体被寄予厚望,然而其参与乡村治理的角色甄定仍需实践验证。基于皖东南H县X镇的个案分析表明,特定乡村治理场域下的惯习(隐性文本与行动逻辑)、资本(有限优势与转化屏障)、位置(在任者的惯性与新进者的策略)导致村两委选举结果与中坚农民“挑大梁”的预期出现背离,而中坚农民以“搭把手”的方式深度嵌入支农项目建设却释放出善治效应,使其成为项目落地前的公意维护者和项目建设中的协调转圜者。在异质化特征明显的当代中国农村,中坚农民参与乡村治理究竟应该“挑大梁”还是“搭把手”,似乎也不该定于一尊,需在政策层面赋予中坚农民三重空间:一是把工商和农民的资源优势结合起来,形成利益共同体,确保获利空间;二是优化政策体系实现对中坚农民的全链条开放与吸纳,给予其决策空间;三是引导中坚农民的行为趋向超越单一的村干部竞聘与经济示范引领,更多拓展至村庄公共秩序领域,从而在乡村治理中壮大其行动空间。总之,中坚农民参与治理的角色功能不应该也不可能整齐划一,地方政府不必强行将其推向幕前,而更应根据治理场域和场景精准设计其嵌入方式的同时打破制度性桎梏。

In the narrative of promoting the resonance between organizational revitalization and rural revitalization,the core farmer group is highly expected,but their role in participating in rural governance still needs to be verified in practice.Based on the case analysis of Town X,County H,southeast Anhui Province,it is shown that the habits(implicit text and action logic),capital(limited advantage and conversion barriers),and position(inertia of incumbents and strategy of newcomers)in specific rural governance fields lead to a deviation between the election results of two village committees and the expectations of core farmers to play the leading role.However,the deep embedding of core farmers in the construction of agriculture-supporting projects in the way of“helping hand”has released a good governance effect,making them become the maintainer of the public will before the project implementation and the coordinator during the project construction.In the contemporary Chinese countryside with obvious heterogeneous characteristics,it seems that the participation of core farmers in rural governance should not be solely determined by whether they play the role of“leading”or“helping”.Instead,the core farmer should be endowed with three spaces at the policy level.First,the resource advantages of industry and commerce and farmers should be combined to form a community of interests and ensure profit space.The second is to optimize the policy system to realize the opening and absorption of the whole chain to the core farmer and give them decision-making space.The third is to guide the behavior of the core farmer to go beyond the single village cadre competition and economic demonstration,and expand to the field of village public order,so as to expand its action space in rural governance.In short,the role and function of the core farmer in governance should not and cannot be uniform,and the local government should not force them to the front,but should accurately design their embedment mode according to the governance field and scene and break the institutional shackles at the same time.