山东沭河上游史前人类的食物结构

Food Structure of Prehistoric Human in Upper Reaches of the Shuhe River in Shandong Province

在山东沭河上游史前聚落考古研究中,本文采集了遗址动植物遗存的浮选样品、遗址及墓葬出土人骨的同位素微量元素分析样品、遗址文化层的植硅体和孢粉分析样品,并对其进行了相应的实验分析。分析结果表明,本区的大汶口文化晚期至岳石文化阶段,当时人主要通过农业耕作、家畜饲养、采集植物(少量狩猎、捞贝)等生业方式获取食物资源,其中以农业经济为主,尤以种植水稻、粟、黍等农作物为主,其中大汶口晚期的食物结构存在贫富差异,普通人的饮食以粟、黍等C4植物为主,富有者的饮食以大米等C3植物为主,在其C3植物中,除了少量种植的稻米外,可能还包括胡桃属、榛属、栗属、豆科等采集植物。到了龙山文化阶段,稻作农业发展进入了鼎盛阶段。

In the archaeological survey on prehistoric settlement in the upper reaches of the Shuhe River in Shandong province,North China,flotation samples from fauna and flora residues of the ancient site,isotopic trace element analysis samples of human bones unearthed from the sites and tombs,phytolith and sporopollen analysis samples from cultural layers of the sites were collected,and the corresponding experiments were carried out.The analysis indicates that from the late period of Dawenkou culture to the period of Yueshi culture in this region,people obtained food resources mainly through subsistence modes like farming,livestock rearing,plants collecting and a small amount of hunting and fishing.Among these activities,agricultural economy played a dominant role,particularly in the cultivation of rice and millet.In the late Dawenkou period,there existed differences in food structure indicating socioeconomic disparity or hierarchical differentiation,and the diet of ordinary individuals mainly relied on C4 plants such as millet,while the diet of the wealthy individuals chose C3 plants such as rice.Among these C3 plants,in addition to a small amount of cultivated rice,it could be deduced that other plants such as walnut,hazel,chestnut,and leguminosae.During the period of Longshan culture,rice cultivation reached its peak development.