陕甘宁边区马铃薯推广研究

Study on Potato Promotion in Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region

抗战时期,由于陕甘宁边区恶劣的自然环境、残酷的战争环境及严峻的社会环境等诸多因素的影响,加重了边区的粮食困难。为了解决抗日军民的吃饭等基本的日常保障问题,陕甘宁边区政府十分重视发展农业生产,由延安光华农场负责引种和试验四川彭县黄皮和美国白皮两种高产马铃薯品种,取得了显著成效,在全区广泛推广。陕甘宁边区通过鼓励移民,开垦荒地,扩大了马铃薯的种植面积,号召民众通过轮作复种、增施肥料与加强锄草、防止病虫害、注重水土保持、改善贮藏技术等方式改良马铃薯种植与贮藏技术,并采取多种方式对农民进行宣传教育。马铃薯在边区的有效推广改善了人民的生活水平,丰富了边区的食物来源,缓解了边区的粮食危机,有利于政权的巩固与建设。

During Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression,food insecurity in the border region was exacerbated by multiple factors,including the poor natural environment,brutal wars,and severe social environment.In order to meet the basic needs such as food for the military and civilians in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression,the government of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region attached great importance to the development of agricultural production.Yan’an Guanghua Farm was responsible for introducing and testing two high-yield potato varieties,yellow potato from Pengzhou City,Sichuan Province and white potato from America,which have achieved significant results and were widely promoted throughout the region.The Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region expanded the planting area of potatoes by encouraging immigration and reclaiming wasteland.Besides,it called on the public to improve potato planting and storage techniques by rotating and replanting,using more fertilizers,weeding more frequently,preventing pests and diseases,and enhancing soil and water conservation.Various methods were adopted to promote and educate farmers.The effective promotion of potatoes in the border areas improved the living standards of the people,enriched the food sources of the border areas,alleviated the food crisis in the border areas,and was conducive to the consolidation and construction of political power.