解放战争时期东北解放区农业生产运动的实践及经验

Practice and Experience of the Agricultural Production Movement in Northeast Liberation Area During the Liberation War

解放战争时期,由于日伪和国民党政府的掠夺破坏,东北解放区农业生产水平急剧下降,粮食问题面临严峻形势。实行土地改革后,东北解放区农民虽无偿分得土地和少量生产资料,但仍面临着劳动力、资金、耕畜和农具短缺等困境,严重制约农业生产。为此,中国共产党领导东北解放区农民开展农业生产运动,采取确定地权、组织互助、发放贷款、保护耕畜、科学种田和表彰劳模的举措,不仅提高了粮食产量,改善了农民生活,而且还支援了前线战争,加速了全国解放,更重要的是积累了宝贵的农业生产经验,为新中国成立后党继续领导农业、农民和农村发展提供了有益借鉴。

During the period of Liberation War,due to the plunder and destruction of the Japanese puppet government and the Kuomintang government,the northeast liberation area faced a sharp decline in the agricultural production and grave food insecurity.After the implementation of land reform,although farmers got free lands and a small amount of means of production,they faced difficulties such as shortage of labor force,capital,farm animals and tools,which seriously restricted agricultural production.For this purpose,the CPC led farmers in the northeast liberation areas to carry out the agricultural production movement,adopting many methods such as determining the land ownership,organizing mutual assistance and cooperation,offering loans,protecting farm animals,cultivating the fields scientifically and commending model workers.It not only improved the food production and the farmers’life,but also supported the front line of war and accelerated the national liberation.More importantly,it accumulated precious experience in agricultural production and provided useful reference for the CPC to continue to lead the development of agriculture,farmers and rural areas after the founding of New China.