美国农政体系与转基因商业化——兼论中国转基因作物推广的影响

The American Agricultural Administration System and the Commercialization of Genetically Modified Organisms-Impact of Promoting Genetically Modified Plants in China

尽管仍然存在争议,但是转基因技术从实验室技术到商业化发展是全球农业发展的重要进步。在这一历史进程中,美国农政体系发挥了重要作用,尤其是法律体系的谦抑性和政策体系的现实性。本文也正是由此入手,通过回溯美国转基因商业化相关的代表性法案和政策,讨论美国农政体系在科技进步与商业实现之间的关系。站在发展角度,美国的历史经验在中国推动转基因商业化的进程,尤其对经济社会影响及相关争议的处理是具备参考价值的。出于将问题具体化的考虑,本文以中国玉米品种转基因技术的全面推广和品种放开为例,评估中国转基因商业化的具体经济影响,其结果不仅包含转基因作物推广将大幅提升中国粮食产能裕度的事实,同时也可能改变国内农业生产结构和利益分配格局,甚至会间接影响中美农业贸易结构。这也对丰富和完善中国农政体制提出了全新的要求,在策略上谋划新的篇章。

Although there is still controversy,the development of genetically modified technology from laboratory technology to commercialization is an important progress in global agricultural development.In this historical process,the American agricultural system played an important role,especially in the legal restraint and policy reality.This article also starts from this and discusses the relationship between technological progress and commercial realization in the US agricultural system by tracing back to representative laws and policies related to the commercialization of genetically modified organisms in the US.From a development perspective,the historical experience of the US has reference value in promoting the commercialization of genetically modified organisms in China,especially in addressing economic and social impacts and related disputes.In order to concretize the issue,this article takes the comprehensive promotion and variety liberalization of genetically modified technology for Chinese corn varieties as an example to evaluate the specific economic impact of China’s commercialization of genetically modified organisms.The results not only include the fact that the promotion of genetically modified crops will significantly increase China’s grain production capacity margin,but also change the domestic agricultural production structure and profit distribution pattern,and even indirectly affect the agricultural trade structure between China and the US.This also puts forward new requirements for enriching and improving China’s agricultural administration system,and plans a new chapter in strategy.