欧盟《危机时期确保粮食供应与安全的应急规划》研究:政策背景、顶层设计与借鉴启示

Research on the EU’s Contingency Plan for Ensuring Food Supply and Food Security in Times of Crisis:Policy Background,System Frame,and References and Enlightenments

粮食安全是国之大者。值此百年未有之大变局,多重风险因素叠加对中国粮食安全构成了重大挑战。为了应对自身粮食安全的挑战,实现《欧洲绿色协议》战略目标,欧盟制定了《危机时期确保粮食供应与安全的应急规划》,打造了一个充满韧性的粮食安全体系,在乌克兰危机之际有效维护了自身的粮食安全,成为国际社会应对粮食安全风险的重要典范。《危机时期确保粮食供应与安全的应急规划》包含以下内容:一是构建与时俱进的政策体系,保障顶层设计实现预定目标;二是确立协同高效的指导原则,引领政策体系良好运行;三是建立平战结合的运作体制,优化组织运作流程;四是打造智慧赋能的“治理工具”,提升危机应对的行动能力。在波诡云谲的国际安全形势下,维护长期粮食安全面临较多的不确定性。借鉴欧盟应对粮食安全风险的成功经验,建议推出四项重要政策措施:一是完善粮食安全政策体系,维持灵活高效的政策创新能力;二是构建多方协作网络,强化公私部门合作;三是建立高效顺畅机制,“统分结合”优化运行;四是实现“治理工具”智慧化,数智赋能全程行动。

Food security is the greatest concern of a country.Faced with unprecedented changes in this century,the superposition of risks has posed new challenges to China’s food security.In order to deal with the challenges of its own food security and achieve the strategic objectives of The European Green Deal,the EU has formulated the Contingency Plan for Ensuring Food Supply and Food Security in Times of Crisis,which created a resilient food security system and effectively maintained its own food security during the crisis of Ukraine,and became an important model for coping with food security risks.Contingency Plan for Ensuring Food Supply and Food Security in Times of Crisis included the following contents:firstly,formulates a policy system that keeps up with the times to ensure that top-level design achieves predetermined goals;secondly,establishes guiding principles of coordination and efficiency,guiding the policy system operating soundly;thirdly,sets up a system which can operate in peacetime and wartime,and optimizes operational procedures of the organization;fourthly,creates a smart governance tool to enhance the operational ability of crisis response.In the ever-changing international security situation,China faces a lot of uncertainties in maintaining long-term food security.Drawing on the successful experience of EU adressing food security risks,it is suggested to introduce four important policy measures:firstly,improves the food security policy system and maintains flexible and efficient policy innovation capacity;secondly,builds a multi-parties collaborative network and strengthens public-private sector cooperation;thirdly,establishes an efficient and smooth mechanism to optimize operation through the combination of unified and decentralized management;fourthly,achieves intelligent governance tools and empowers the entire governance process with digital technology.