芬兰环境损害保险制度比较和借鉴

Comparison and Lessons Learned from the Finland’sEnvironmental Damage Insurance System

环境污染责任保险制度是一项可有效分散企业环境风险、保护受害人利益的制度。我国环境污染责任保险制度面临相关立法缺失、企业投保积极性不足、承保范围小等问题,阻碍其功能实现。芬兰环境损害保险制度在模式选择、承保范围、索赔条件、机构设置等方面,对我国完善环境污染责任保险制度有较强借鉴意义。结合芬兰经验与我国实情,我国环境污染责任保险制度首先应考虑修订现有法律和单行立法,以弥补相关立法缺失;其次是建立强制责任保险模式,以消解企业投保积极性不足问题;另外须适当扩大承保范围和设立专门保险机构,进一步增强我国环境责任保险制度适用。

The environmental pollution liability insurance system is a system that can effectively spread the environmental risks of enterprises and protect the interests of victims.China’s environmental pollution liability insurance system faces problems such as lack of relevant legislation,insufficient enthusiasm of enterprises to take out insurance,and small scope of coverage,which impede the realization of its functions.Finlnad’s environmental damage insurance system has strong reference significance for the improvement of China’s environmental pollution liability insurance system in terms of mode selection,coverage,claim conditions,and institutional setup.Combining Finland’s experience with China’s actual situation,China’s environmental pollution liability insurance system should firstly consider revising the existing laws and separate legislation to make up for the lack of relevant legislation;secondly,establish a mandatory liability insurance model to eliminate the problem of insufficient motivation of the enterprises to take out the insurance;in addition,it is necessary to appropriately expand the scope of coverage and set up a specialized insurance institution to further enhance the application of China’s environmental liability insurance system.