元宇宙视野下NFT的刑事风险探析与防治

Analysis and Prevention of the Criminal Risk of NFT from the Perspective of the Metaverse

以区块链技术与智能合约为基本技术架构的NFT,是元宇宙实践的重要基础设施。NFT是一种非同质化通证,应当被定性为加密数字通证,而非民事法上的物或虚拟财产,更非法定货币或加密货币。当前NFT的实践中主要存在三类刑事风险:一是利用NFT设置骗局,进行传销或集资诈骗的刑事风险;二是NFT运用中的知识产权犯罪风险与数据及资产安全风险;三是利用NFT洗钱,金融化带来的风险。对此,应系统梳理NFT犯罪生态,从理论上赋能司法实践;建立行业自律规则,引导NFT平台合规操作;明确主管部门的权责关系,实现NFT分类监管;积极引入监管沙盒模式,推动监管模式从单向监管向多元共治的模式转变。

NFT,taking blockchain technology and smart contracts as basic technical framework,is an important infrastructure for Metaverse practice.NFT means Non-Fungible Token,which should be characterized as an encrypted digital token,rather than a real or virtual property in civil law,let alone legal currency or cryptocurrency.There are three main types of criminal risks in the current practice of NFT:firstly,the criminal risk of using NFT to set up scams,pyramid schemes or fund-raising fraud;secondly,the risk of intellectual property crime,data and asset security risk in NFT application;thirdly,the use of NFT for money laundering as well as the risks brought about by its financialization.In this regard,the criminal ecology of NFT should be systematically sorted out to theoretically empower judicial practice,establish industry self-regulatory rules to guide compliance operation of NFT platform,clarify the power and responsibility of the departments to achieve NFT supervision reasonably;Actively introduce the regulatory sandbox model to promote the transformation from one-way supervision to multi-governance supervision.