新型经营主体劳均适度规模及其实现难易程度

The Moderate Scale Per Labor of New Business Entities and Its Difficulty of Realization

新型经营主体是推动农业现代化进程的重要载体,农户兼业化、农民老龄化、农村空心化使得农村劳动力紧缺,因地制宜地研究新型经营主体劳均适度规模具有重要意义.基于对重庆市江津区石门镇现代农业示范园区新型经营主体调查数据及石门镇各村社会经济统计数据,运用柯布—道格拉斯生产函数,基于利润最大化,从产业异质化视角,以劳均适度规模为出发点,测算出不同产业类型新型经营主体的适度经营规模,并运用熵权法评估石门镇村级适度规模实现难易程度.结果显示:①石门镇新型经营主体大部分未能达到适度规模,只有少部分主体达到或超过适度规模值.劳均适度经营规模中“度”值最大的为果蔬产业(3.42 hm^(2)),最小的为花木产业(0.29 hm^(2)).②石门镇实现适度规模经营难度整体较大,其中李家村为较易,金龙村、白坪村为一般,永安村为较难.测算出不同产业新型经营主体适度经营规模,明确地区实现适度规模难易程度,可认识不同地区、不同产业新型农业发展的差异,有助于推动新型经营主体差别化培育,为丘陵山区实现适度规模经营,推进现代农业发展提供参考.

The new business entity is an important carrier to promote the process of agricultural modernization.Part-time farming,the aging of farmers,and the hollowing out of rural areas have caused a shortage of rural labor.It is of great significance to study the appropriate scale of labor per capita of new business entities in accordance with local conditions.This article is based on the survey data of new business entities in the modern agricultural demonstration park in Shimen Town,Jiangjin District,Chongqing,and the social and economic statistics of the villages in Shimen Town.Using the Cobb-Douglas production function,based on profit maximization,from the perspective of industrial heterogeneity,taking the moderate scale of labor as the starting point,the appropriate business scale of new business entities of different types of industries is calculated,and the entropy weight method is used to evaluate the difficulty of realizing the appropriate scale of Shimen Town.The results showed that:①Most of the new business entities in Shimen Town failed to reach the appropriate scale,and only a small number of entities reached or exceeded the appropriate scale value.The fruit and vegetable industry(3.42 hm^(2))was the largest‘degree’value in the moderate operating scale of average labor,and the smallest was the flower and tree industry(0.29 hm^(2)).②It is more difficult for whole Shimen Town to achieve a moderate scale of operation.Among which,Lijia Village is easier,Jinlong Village and Baiping Village are in average,and Yong an Village is more difficult.Calculating the appropriate operating scales of new business entities of different types of industries,clarifying the difficulty of achieving appropriate scales in the regions can help to recognize the differences in the development of new agricultural development in different regions and industries,help to promote the differentiated cultivation of new operating entities,and provide reference for achieving appropriate scale operation for hilly and mountainous areas and promoting the development of modern agriculture.