数据产权的解码与构建——以控制与管理定位

Decoding and Constructing for Data Property Right--Orientated by Controlling and Management

自进入大数据时代以来,数据的价值不断凸显且已经成为不可或缺的新型生产要素。就数据保护而言,司法实践中,主要存在产权规制法与行为规制法。产权规制法与行为规制法所规制的对象其实是以数据为载体、通过数字化手段进行加工处理的著作、专利与商业秘密。产权规制法并不是对数据及数据产权进行保护,而是对既有权利及经过数字化与数据化后的客体进行保护。与产权规制法相比,行为规制法具有一定的灵活性,但是在数据权利不清且数据主体不明的情况下仍然存在行为规制困境。通过将产权规制法与行为规制法进行必要结合,从控制与管理的视角构建以行为规制为主导兼具产权基本框架的数据产权,以此来促进数据的开发利用并提升数据经济的高质量发展。

Since advent of the era of big data,the value of data has increased obviously and become an indispensable new fac⁃tor of production.According to data protection,there are mainly property right regulation and behavior regulation in judicial practice.However,the objects regulated by property right regulation and behavior regulation are actually copyrights,patents and trade secrets processed by data through digital means.The property right regulation does not protect data or data rights.Correspondingly,it protects the digitization and datalization of the existing rights and the relevant objects,which are carried by data.Compared with the property right regulation,the behavior regulation has its inherent flexibility,but there is still a di⁃lemma of behavior regulation based on unclear data right and unclear data subject.This essay combines the property right reg⁃ulation and the behavior regulation in order to construct data property right under the perspective of controlling and manage⁃ment.The data property right aims at promoting the development and utilization of data and improving the high⁃quality devel⁃opment of data economy,which would be led by behavior regulation and also based on the framework of property right.