数字法治的法理解析:形式、实质与程序

Jurisprudential Analysis of Digital Rule of Law:Form,Substance and Procedure

数字技术的兴起为法治实践带来了前所未有的机遇与挑战,而数字法治之于传统法治而言亦是一种革新。从形式维度出发,数字法治的确能够辅助司法决策,并且建构中立的“数字逻辑”;然而,片面地追求司法实践数字化,并不能体现司法审判者的价值判断,无法实现司法的实质正义。从实质维度出发,虽然算法和大数据能够赋予数字法治一些实质性的内容,但其价值观的控制权实际上垄断在算法设计者手中,因此亦不能保障在社会治理中维持公正的价值判断。从程序维度出发,数字法治能够保障司法程序的公正,并能够适应数字技术带来的社会变革。有鉴于此,基于程序维度的理解是当前对中国数字法治理论和实践研究的最优路径。

The rise of digital technology has brought unprecedented opportunities and challenges to the practice of the rule of law,and digital rule of law is also a kind of innovation for the traditional rule of law.From the formal dimension,digital rule of law can indeed assist in judicial decision⁃making and construct a neutral“digital logic”.However,the one⁃sided pursuit of digital judicial practice doesn’t reflect the value judgement of the judiciary and cannot achieve substantive justice.From the substantive dimension,although algorithms and big data can give some substance to digital rule of law,the control of its val⁃ues is actually monopolized by the algorithm designers,and therefore digital rule of law cannot guarantee the maintenance of fair value judgements in social governance.From the procedural dimension,digital rule of law can guarantee the fairness of the judicial process,and can adapt to the social changes brought about by digital technology.In view of the above,an under⁃standing based on the procedural dimension is currently the optimal path for research on the theory and practice of digital rule of law in China.