活性氧对精子氧化损伤及获能影响的研究进展

Research progress on the effects of reactive oxygen species on oxidative damage and capacitation of sperm

精液中活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)来源广泛且易受外界环境因素影响生成过量自由基,进而对精子造成氧化损伤。ROS通过促进蛋白质中酪氨酸磷酸化诱导精子获能,并可诱发精子发生顶体反应和质膜脂质氧化反应。当ROS的产生速度大于抗氧化体系的清除速度时,精子细胞的氧化能力超过总抗氧化能力,该过氧化环境会降低精子清除ROS的能力并使精子产生氧化应激(oxidative stress,OS),最终导致精子发生质膜脂质过氧化、DNA完整性受损和凋亡进程加速等现象。笔者对精子内ROS的生成途径、ROS对精子氧化损伤和获能的影响及抗氧化剂的研究现状进行简要综述,旨在为进一步研究抗氧化剂对精子的保护作用奠定基础。

Reactive oxygen species(ROS)in semen comes from a wide range of sources and is easily affected by external environmental factors.It is easy to generate excessive free radicals to cause oxidative damage to sperm.ROS induces sperm capacitation by promoting tyrosine phosphorylation in proteins,and can induce acrosome reaction and membrane lipid oxidation in sperm.When the generation rate of ROS is greater than the scavenging rate of the antioxidant system,the oxidative capacity of the sperm cells will exceed the total antioxidant capacity,and the peroxidation environment reduces the scavenging capacity of the sperm and causes the sperm to oxidative stress(OS).This results in lipid peroxidation,DNA integrity damage and accelerated apoptosis of spermatozoa.In this paper,the pathway of ROS production in sperm,the effect of ROS on sperm oxidative damage and capacitivity and the current research status of antioxidants were reviewed,in order to lay a foundation for further research on the protective effect of antioxidants on sperm.