阿尔泰马鹿与东北梅花鹿杂交F1代产茸性能、鹿茸营养成分和养殖效益分析

Antler production performance and economic benefit analysis of hybrid F1 of Altai red deer and Northeast sika deer

为了探寻生产性能更优的茸鹿杂交品种,试验以阿尔泰马鹿为父本(♂)、东北梅花鹿为母本(♀)进行种间杂交,比较分析阿尔泰马鹿与东北梅花鹿杂交F1代(阿东杂交F1代)和东北梅花鹿的鲜茸产量、鹿茸营养成分和养殖效益。结果表明:阿东杂交F1代头锯、二锯、三锯、四锯鲜茸产量(分别为3.56 kg、6.00 kg、8.13 kg、9.69 kg)较东北梅花鹿(分别为1.05 kg、2.80 kg、3.38 kg、3.88 kg)均显著提高(P<0.05),头锯至四锯鲜茸平均产量(6.85 kg)较东北梅花鹿(2.78 kg)显著提高(P<0.05)。阿东杂交F1代鹿茸中除甘氨酸和脯氨酸含量低于东北梅花鹿鹿茸外,其他15种测出的氨基酸含量及总氨基酸含量均高于东北梅花鹿鹿茸,其中总氨基酸含量(51.11%)较东北梅花鹿鹿茸(47.69%)高3.42百分点,赖氨酸含量(3.11%)较东北梅花鹿鹿茸(1.46%)高1.65百分点,亮氨酸含量(3.67%)较东北梅花鹿鹿茸(2.66%)高1.01百分点,组氨酸含量(1.13%)较东北梅花鹿鹿茸(0.68%)高0.45百分点。东北梅花鹿和阿东杂交F1代鹿茸中维生素A和维生素E含量没有明显差异。阿东杂交F1代鹿茸中钾、钠、铁含量分别为0.48%、0.68%、0.16%,高于东北梅花鹿鹿茸(分别为0.27%、0.58%、0.06%),镁、钙、磷含量分别为0.26%、12.40%、5.67%,低于东北梅花鹿鹿茸(分别为0.33%、15.60%、6.69%);阿东杂交F1代鹿茸的钙磷比为2.19∶1,略低于东北梅花鹿鹿茸的2.33∶1。虽然阿东杂交F1代饲养成本较东北梅花鹿提高了34.08%,但年均利润(5212.86元/只)较东北梅花鹿(1577.89元/只)提高了230.37%。说明以阿尔泰马鹿为父本、东北梅花鹿为母本杂交得到的阿东杂交F1代产茸性能和养殖效益均明显优于东北梅花鹿,鹿茸营养成分组成略优于东北梅花鹿。

In order to search for hybrid antler deer with better production performance,the experiment took Altai red deer as male parent()Northeast sika deer as female parent(),and crossed them to obtain a hybrid F1 of Altai red deer and Northeast sika deer(Adong hybrid FI),compared and analyzed the fresh antler yield,antler nutrition and breeding benefits between Adong hybrid Fl and Northerst sika deer.The results showed that the yield of first,second,third and four-saw antler(3.56kg,6.00kg,8.3 kg,9.69 kg,respectively)of Adong hybrid F1 was significantly higher than that of Northeast sika deer(1.05kg,2.80kg,3.38kg,3.88kg,respectively,P<0.05).The average yield of fresh antler from head sawn to four sawn was significantly higher(6.85 kg)than that of Northeast sika deer(2.78 kg,P<0.05).The content of glycine and proline in Adong hybrid F1 antler was lower than that of Adong hybrid F1 Antler.The content of 15 amino acids measured and total amino acids in Adong hybrid F1 antler were higher than that of Northeast sika deer antler,and the total amino acid content(51.11%)was 3.42 percentage points higher than that of Northeast sika deer antler(47.69%).Lysine content(3.11%)was 1.65 percentage points higher than that of Northeast Sika deer Antler(1.46%);leucine content(3.67%)was 1.01 percentage points higher than that of Northeast sika deer antler(2.66%);histidine content(1.13%)was 0.45 percentage points higher than that of Northeast sika deer antler(0.68%).There was no significant difference in vitamin A and vitamin E content between Northeast sika deer and Adong hybrid F1 antler.The contents of K,Na and Fe in Adong hybrid F1 antler(0.48%,0.68%and 0.16%,respectively)were higher than those in Northeast sika deer antler(0.27%,0.58%and 0.06%).The contents of K,Na and Fe(0.48%,0.68%,0.16%,respectively)in Adong hybrid F1 antler were higher than those in Northeast sika deer antler(0.27%,0.58%,0.06%,respectively).The contents of magnesium,calcium and phosphorus(0.26%,12.40%and 5.67%,respectively)were lower than those of Northeast sika deer antler(0.33%,15.6%and 6.69%,respectively).The ratio of calcium to phosphorus of Adong hybrid F1 antler was 2.19:1,which was slightly lower than that of Northeast sika antler(2.33:1).The breeding cost of Adong hybrid F1 was 34.08%higher than that of Northeast sika deer.However,the average annual profit(5212.86 yuan/piece)was 230.37%higher than that of Northeast sika deer(1577.89 yuan/piece).These results indicated that the antler production performance and breeding benefit of Adong hybrid Fl,which was obtained by crossing Altai red deer as the male parent and Northeast sika deer as the female parent,were significantly higher than that of Northeast sika deer,and the nutrient composition of antler was slightly better than that of Northeast sika deer.