家庭教养方式与儿童非自杀性自伤行为关联分析

Analysis of Relationship Between Parental Rearing Styles and Non-suicidal Self-injury Behavior among School-age Children

目的了解儿童非自杀性自伤(non-suicidal self-injury,NSSI)行为流行特征,探讨家庭教养方式对儿童NSSI发生的影响。方法采用随机整群抽样方法,于2020年12月抽取深圳市某区7个学校3120名小学4~5年级学生进行问卷调查,采用二分类Logistic回归分析家庭教养方式与儿童NSSI行为的关系。结果儿童NSSI行为检出率为28.2%,其中男生检出率27.6%,女生检出率28.9%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。单因素分析显示,NSSI组在接纳-拒绝、民主-独裁、尊重-羞辱、关心-袒护、宽容-放纵、激励-惩罚、理解-责备、温情-粗暴和管教-控制维度的得分均低于无NSSI组(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,父亲羞辱(OR=1.595,95%CI:1.210~2.104)、母亲责备(OR=1.365,95%CI:1.031~1.808)增加儿童NSSI发生风险,父亲宽容(OR=0.652,95%CI:0.501~0.845)、母亲激励(OR=0.710,95%CI:0.543~0.929)及理解(OR=0.586,95%CI:0.441~0.780)降低儿童NSSI发生风险。结论儿童NSSI行为检出率较高,改善家庭教养方式,创造和谐家庭环境,可能有助于预防儿童NSSI发生。

Objective To understand the epidemic characteristics of non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI)behavior among school-age children,and to explore the impact of parental rearing styles on school-age children's NSSI beha-vior.Methods A total of 3120 students in grade 4-5 from 7 schools were selected in a certain district of Shenzhen by stratified random cluster sampling method and surveyed with questionnaires in Dec 2020.The binary logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between the parental rearing styles and non-suicidal self-injury behavior among school-age children.Results The detection rate of non-suicidal self-injury in school-age children was 28.2%,and 27.6%for boys,28.9%for girls,with no statistically significant difference(P>0.05).The scores of NSSI behavior group of acceptance-refusal,democracy-dictatorship,respect-shame,attention-shield,tolerance-indulgence,award-penalty,understanding-blame,warmth-asperity,discipline-control were all lower than the non-NSSI behavior group(P<0.05).Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that father's shame(OR=1.595,95%CI:1.210-2.104)and mother's blame(OR=1.365,95%CI:1.031-1.808)increased the risk of NSSI behavior in children.Father's tolerance(OR=0.652,95%CI:0.501-0.845),mother's award(OR=0.710,95%CI:0.543-0.929)and mother's understanding(OR=0.586,95%CI:0.441-0.780)decreased the risk of NSSI behavior in children.Conclusion The detection rate of NSSI among school-age children is high.Improving parental rearing styles and creating a harmonious family atmosphere may contribute to preventing the occurrence of children's non-suicidal self-injury behavior.