大球盖菇栽培研究现状与绿色发展前景

Research Progress on Cultivation and Green Development of Stropharia rugosoannulata

大球盖菇在我国栽培规模较大,是脱贫攻坚和乡村振兴优选发展的食用菌产业之一,发展前景广阔,但栽培技术有待提高。通过综述大球盖菇的生物学特性、栽培培养料的选择与处理、菌种制作、播种发菌、出菇管理、栽培模式等研究现状,并针对栽培成本增加、产品季节性和结构性过剩、连作障碍、食品安全等问题进行讨论和展望,提出大球盖菇栽培应该利用当地有利条件,利用轻简化技术设施,创新栽培配方、进行错季栽培、选育优良品种、创新栽培模式,走绿色可持续发展道路等建议。

The cultivation scale of Stropharia rugosoannulata in China is large,which is one of the preferred edible fungi industries in poverty alleviation and rural revitalization.Although the development prospect is very broad,the cultivation techniques needs to be improved.Through summarizing the biological characteristics of S.rugosoannulata,culture material selection and treatment,strain production,seed germination,fruiting management,and cultivation modes,and the existing problems in S.rugosoannulata production,such as increasing cultivation cost,seasonal and structural surplus,continuous cropping obstacles,food safety and so on,were also discussed and prospected.In order to suggest that the cultivation of S.rugosoannulata should take advantage of local favorable conditions,light and simplified technical facilities,innovate cultivation formula,stagger the production seasons,select excellent varieties,innovate cultivation mode,and take the road of green and sustainable development.