屏边县不同秃杉种源生长差异及选择研究

Growth Differences and Selection of Different Provenances of Taiwania flousiana in Pingbian County

为探讨秃杉不同种源间的遗传变化,在秃杉适生区的屏边县大凹腰建立秃杉11个种源(含CK)试验林,3、6、9 a生时每木调查不同种源的树高、胸径(地径)的生长量并计算出材积。结果显示:(1)不同林龄的秃杉各种源间树高、胸径、材积存在极显著差异(P<0.01),9 a生时生长最快种源比生长最慢种源树高、胸径、材积分别高24.50%、32.45%、110.57%;(2)树高、胸径(地径)、材积等生长性状在种源水平上受较强的遗传控制,遗传力分别为0.780~0.786、0.712~0.815、0.754~0.815;(3)树高、胸径、材积在不同林龄间表型相关和秩相关呈显著或极显著相关,秃杉早期选择的年龄以6 a生为宜;(4)以9 a生秃杉树高、胸径、材积为选择指标选出适宜滇东南山区造林最好的种源是龙陵,其次是盈江、梁河、临翔、腾冲,材积遗传增益分别达54.24%、38.43%、29.98%、28.08%、19.22%。

In order to researchgenetic changes of different provenances,11 provenances(including CK)of Taiwania flousiana were established in daaoyao,Pingbian County,at the age of 3,6 and 9 years,the height and diameter at breast height(diameter at base)of each tree of different provenances were investigated and the volume of timber was calculated.By analysis of variance,the height,diameter at breast height and volume of timber in different provenances of different ages were significantly different(P<0.01),the height,diameter at breast height and volume of timber of 9-year-old provenances with the fastest growth were 24.50%,32.45%and 110.57%higher than those with the slowest growth.The height,diameter at breast height and volume of timber were controlled by strong heritability of 0.780-0.786,0.712-0.815 and 0.754-0.815,respectively.The phenotypic correlation and rank correlation were significant or extremely significant in height,diameter at breast height and volume of timber at different ages.According to the height,DBH and volume of timber 9-year-old trees,the most suitable provenances for afforestation in the mountainous area of southeastern Yunnan were selected from Longling County,followed by Yingjiang County,Lianghe County,Linxiang District and Tengchong City,the genetic gain of volume was 54.24%,38.43%,29.98%,28.08%,19.22%respectively.