“三变”改革政策对民族地区农民收入的影响研究

Study on the Impact of the“Three Changes”Reform Policy on Farmers’Income in Ethnic Areas

“三变”改革政策作为深化民族地区农村改革和实现资源有效配置的制度供给,能有效衔接脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴,通过实证分析得出参与“三变”改革政策对农民收入起到了积极推动作用,也为实现乡村振兴提供了一条全新路径。基于贵州省盘州市的农民调研数据,采用倾向得分匹配法(PSM)分析“三变”改革对民族地区农民家庭收入的影响。研究表明,农民个体特征、家庭收入与耕地面积对农民参与“三变”改革政策具有显著正向作用。进一步探讨中介效应得出,家庭劳动力数量增加能够使“三变”改革带来的总收入增加,人力素质则起到部分中介作用。由此提出,应当从有用性和易用性两部分出发,变“输血式”为“造血式”,激发民族地区农村长足发展的内生动力。

The“three changes”reform policy,as a system supply for deepening rural reform in ethnic areas and realizing effective allocation of resources,can effectively connect poverty alleviation and rural revitalization.Empirical analysis showed that the“three changes”reform played a positive role in promoting the increase of farmers’incomes,and provided a new path for realizing rural revitalization.Based on the research data of farmers in Panzhou City,Guizhou Province,propensity score matching method(PSM)was used to analyze the impact of the“three changes”reform on the household income of farmers in ethnic areas.The study showed that farmers’individual characteristics,family income and agricultural acreage had significant positive effects on the participation in“three changes”reform policy.Further analysis of the mediating effect showed that the increase in the number of family laborers can increase the total income brought about by the“three changes”reform,while the quality of human resources played a partial mediating role.It is thus suggested that from the perspective of practicality and ease of use,the“blood transfusion”should be replaced by“blood creation”,so as to stimulate the endogenous momentum of long-term rural development in ethnic areas.