鱼虾分级技术装备研究现状及展望

Research Status and Prospects of Grading Technology and Equipment for Fish and Shrimp

分级有利于实现水产品的优质优价。随着我国水产养殖业的快速发展,摆脱对人工手动分级的依赖、实现水产品精准高效分级,对我国水产养殖降本增效和高质量发展具有重要意义。本文围绕鱼虾的分级环节,重点综述了国内外机械分级、传感器检测分级和机器视觉分级3类技术装备的研究现状,从技术原理、工作方法、装备结构与性能方面进行对比分析,总结了不同分级技术装备的优缺点,指出了我国鱼虾分级技术装备发展中面临的瓶颈。结合国内水产养殖与加工业实际需求,提出了鱼虾分级技术装备重点研究方向:鱼苗自适应低损分级关键技术与装备研发、鱼虾单只有序上料装置开发、分级装备自动化水平提升及鱼虾机器视觉分级关键技术突破。通过分析鱼虾分级的共性问题和发展趋势,以期为我国水产品分级技术与装备的发展提供参考。

Grading is conducive to achieving high-quality and cost-effective aquatic products.With the rapid development of China,s aquaculture industry,breaking away from the dependence on manual grading and achieving precise and efficient grading of aquatic products is of great significance for cost reduction,efficiency enhancement,and high-quality development of aquaculture in China.This article focused on the grading process of fish and shrimp,and focused on the research status of three types of technical equipment:mechanical grading,sensor detection grading,and machine vision grading at home and abroad.It compared and analyzed the technical principles,working methods,equipment structure,and performance,summarized the advantages and disadvantages of different classification technology equipment,and pointed out the bottlenecks faced in the development of fish and shrimp grading technology equipment in China.Based on the actual needs of domestic aquaculture and processing industry,the key research directions for fish and shrimp grading technology and equipment were proposed:research on key technologies and equipment for adaptive low loss grading of fish fry,development of single order feeding devices,improvement of grading equipment automation level,and breakthroughs in key technologies for fish and shrimp visual grading.By analyzing the common issues and development trends of fish and shrimp grading,we aim to provide reference for the development of aquatic product grading technology and equipment in China.