空间正义视域下养老服务设施的可及性优化研究——以重庆市为例

Evaluation of elder-care facilities accessibility from the perspective of spatial justice:case study of Chongqing

科学评估养老设施空间可及性是积极应对老龄化的重要环节,有利于推动养老资源配置的社会公平。充分利用第七次人口普查数据、行政边界数据和建筑物普查数据估计得到空间化的老年人口数据,采用高斯两步移动搜索法对养老设施的可及性进行评价。研究发现:第一,中心城区养老设施可及性表现出高度空间异质性,且总体可及性不足;第二,机构养老设施可及性优于社区居家养老设施;第三,空间自相关分析表明,中心城区养老设施空间可及性与老年人口密度在全局自相关上呈现聚类趋势,但部分区域局部双变量自相关不显著,老年人口集聚程度与养老设施可及性不相匹配。根据研究结论,本文提出加强养老设施布局优化,积极推动社区居家养老设施发展,提高老年人口与养老资源匹配度等对策建议。

Accessibility of elder-care is one of critical indicators in the actively addressing population aging,and important to promote social equity in the allocation of elderly care resources.Gaussian two-step floating catchment area method is employed to evaluate the accessibility of elder-care facility,with fully utilizing data from the 7th National Population Census,administrative boundary data,and building census data to estimate spatialized elderly population data.The main conclusions are as follows:Firstly the accessibility of elderly care facilities in central urban areas exhibits high spatial heterogeneity,and overall accessibility is insufficient;Secondly The accessibility of institutional elderly care facilities is better than that of community home-based elderly care facilities;Thirdly The spatial autocorrelation analysis shows that the spatial accessibility of elderly care facilities has a clustering trend with the density of the elderly population in the global autocorrelation,but the local bivariate autocorrelation in some regions is not significant,and aggregation degree of elderly population does not match the accessibility of elderly care facilities.Suggestions are proposed including optimizing the layout of elderly care facilities,promoting the development of community home-based elderly care facilities,and improve the match quality between the elderly population and elderly care resources.