系统联合认知融合靶向穿刺提高有临床意义前列腺癌的诊断率

Systematic biopsy combined with cognitive fusion targeted biopsy increases the detection rate of clinically significant prostate cancer

目的:探讨静脉麻醉下经会阴的前列腺系统穿刺(systematic biopsy,SB)、认知融合靶向穿刺(cognitive fusion targeted biopsy,CF-TB)和系统联合认知融合靶向穿刺即联合穿刺(combined biopsy,CB)对有临床显著意义前列腺癌(clinically significant prostate cancer,csPCa)和无临床显著意义前列腺癌(clinically insignificant prostate cancer,incsPCa)诊断阳性率的差异。方法:分析2019年1月至2021年11月151例于北京市朝阳区桓兴肿瘤医院和中国医学科学院北京协和医学院肿瘤医院行首次前列腺穿刺且前列腺特异性抗原(prostate-specific antigen,PSA)≤50 ng/mL患者的临床资料,行3.0 T标准前列腺多参数磁共振成像(multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging,mpMRI)检查显示有161个符合前列腺影像报告和数据系统(prostate imaging reporting and data system,PI-RADS)评分≥3分的结节,每个结节行2~4针CF-TB后再行SB 12针,分别分析SB、CF-TB和CB对csPCa和incsPCa的诊断阳性率,同时对年龄、PSA、CF-TB针数、PI-RADS评分和直肠指诊结果进行分层分析。结果:患者的中位PSA为11.50(0.52~49.37)ng/mL,161个结节的PI-RADS评分≥3分,151例患者均行12针SB,结节行2、3和4针CF-TB患者分别47、52和52例。SB、CF-TB和CB诊断csPCa阳性率分别为54.3%(82/151)、53.0%(80/151)和58.9%(89/151),CB阳性率高于SB阳性率(P=0.016)和CF-TB阳性率(P=0.004);SB、CF-TB和CB诊断incsPCa阳性率分别为7.9%(12/151)、9.3%(14/151)和11.3%(17/151),CB阳性率与SB阳性率和CF-TB阳性率比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。按年龄、PSA、CF-TB针数、PI-RADS评分和直肠指诊结果分层分析显示,行2针CF-TB对csPCa诊断差于CB(P=0.031),3针和4针CF-TB与CB诊断csPCa阳性率比较差异无统计学意义。结论:经会阴的前列腺CB诊断csPCa阳性率最高,同时不增加incsPCa检出,每个结节行3针CF-TB诊断csPCa是高效的。

Objective:To investigate the ability of separate and combined biopsy methods to distinguish clinically significant prostate cancer(csPCa)from clinically insignificant prostate cancer(incsPCa),we assessed diagnostic positive rates for patients undergoing transperineal prostate systematic biopsy(SB),cognitive fusion targeted biopsy(CF-TB),and combined biopsy(CB)(i.e.SB combined with CF-TB)under intravenous anesthesia。Methods:We analyzed clinical data from 151 patients with prostate-specific antigen(PSA)≤50 ng/mL undergoing their first prostate biopsy in Cancer Hospital of Huanxing Chaoyang District Beijing and National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College from January 2019 to November 2021.The 3.0 Tesla standard prostate multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging(mpMRI)examinations found 161 lesions with prostate imaging reporting and data system(PI-RADS)scores≥3.With patients under intravenous anesthesia and indwelling catheter,2-4 needle CF-TB biopsies were performed using transperineal ultrasound guidance,followed by 12 needle SB.Patients who underwent SB,CF-TB,and CB were each analyzed by stratification for their respective csPCa and incsPCa detection rates,age,PSA,CF-TB needle count,PI-RADS score,and digital rectal examination results.Results:The median PSA value for all patients was 11.50(0.52-49.37 ng/mL).In total,161 lesions with PI-RADS score≥3 points were found.All 151 patients received 12 needles of SB,while 47,52,and 52 patients received 2,3,and 4 needles of CF-TB,respectively。The respective positivity rates of SB,CF-TB and CB in diagnosing csPCa were 54.3%(82/151),53.0%(80/151)and 58.9%(89/151).Statistical results indicate that the difference in positivity rate between CB and SB is significant(P=0.016)as is the difference between CB and CF-TB positivity rates(P=0.004).The respective positivity rates of SB,CF-TB,and CB in diagnosing incsPCa were 7.9%(12/151)、9.3%(14/151),and 11.3%(17/151).The positivity rate of CB was not significantly different than that of SB or CF-TB(all P>0.05).Stratification plane analysis with age,PSA value,number of CF-TB needles,PI-RADS score,and digital rectal examination results showed that the 2-needle CF-TB scheme was inferior to CB in diagnosing csPCa(P=0.031).There was no significant difference in the csPCa positivity rates of 3-needle and 4-needle CF-TB relative to CB.Conclusions:CB achieves a higher csPCa diagnosis rate without increasing detection of incsPCa under transperineal ultrasound guidance.CF-TB with 3-needles per lesion was highly effective in diagnosing csPCa.