公共风险谣言的行政治理--以实质法治为视角

Administration of Public Risk Rumors from the Perspective of Substantive Rule of Law

新冠疫情期间,各种相关谣言不断出现。实际上,这类公共风险谣言反映的是公民言论自由权和公共秩序之间的冲突,但从倒逼真相与公民监督的角度看,公民言论自由权和公共利益间又存在某种竞合。以一种权利本位思维出发,实质法治要求的是行政机关的执法行为既合法又合理,而“前见理论”要求的政府公信力也需要公权力部门采取一种更为柔和的方式来进行谣言治理。在治理公共风险谣言的过程中,政府要更偏向于对公民权利的保护,对公共秩序做更多的限制性解释。在此,政府可以从两个路径对公共风险谣言进行治理:一是以事后治理方式审慎认定与处罚公共风险谣言行为;二是基于人民主权及其衍生的公民知情权加大政府的信息公开以消解公共风险谣言。

During the COVID-19,many related rumors emerged.This kind of public risk rumors reflects the conflict between citizens’freedom of speech and public order,but from the perspective of reverse realism and citizen supervision,there is some kind of concurrence between citizens’freedom of speech and public interest.Starting from a rights-based thinking,the substantive rule of law requires that the law enforcement actions of administrative organs are both legal and reasonable,and the government credibility required by the“foresight theory”,also needs public authorities to adopt a softer approach to rumor management.In the process of managing public risk rumors,the government should be more inclined to protect citizen rights and provide more restrictive explanations for public order.The government can manage public risk rumors through two ways:one is to prudently identify and punish public risk rumor behavior through post event governance;the other is to increase the government information disclosure based on the people’s sovereignty and its derived citizen’s right to know,for dealing with public risk rumors.