基于优势理念的美国霸权战略及其局限

American Hegemony Strategy Based on the Superiority Concept and Its Limitations

基于优势理论的美国霸权战略,其实质是为了美国优势的谋取、维持和延续。美国的优势战略立足于其在军事、科技和制度等领域不容挑战的领先地位,进而形成排他性的独特权力。美国通过主导国际秩序、运用联盟力量、利用离岸平衡术的借力打力、制造和利用危机以及充分运用软实力等手段来达到维持和延续霸权的目的。美国基于优势的霸权战略有其局限性:“离岸平衡”战略将最终导致美国主导权丧失与联盟解体,甚至促成反美霸权合作力量的形成;目标分散与战略失衡问题将导致美国无法集中战略资源;构成美国战略优势根源的地缘、生产、金融、信息与军事等众多要素正在不断流失。这些局限使美国基于优势理论的霸权战略难以长久维持,导致美国不断调整其对外战略。

The essence of American hegemony strategy is to seek,maintain and extend American superiority.The superiority of the United States is based on its unchallenged position and leadership in military,science and technology,institutions and other fields,thus forming a unique exclusive power.In order to maintain and extend its hegemony,the US achieves its goals by dominating the international order,utilizing the power of alliances,using the leverage of offshore balance,creating and exploiting crises,and making full use of its soft power.American hegemony strategy based on the superiority concept also has its limitations:the offshore balancing strategy will eventually lead to the loss of its hegemony and the disintegration of the alliance,and even foster the cooperation against American hegemony;the problem of target dispersion and strategic imbalance will lead to the inability of the US to concentrate strategic resources;many factors,such as geography,production,finance,information and the military,which constitute the source of America’s strategic advantage,are constantly being lost.These limitations make it difficult for the US to maintain its hegemony strategy based on the superiority concept,and force it to adjust its foreign strategy constantly.