具体犯罪保护法益的确定标准

Standard Criteria for Protected Legal Interest in the Specific Crime

为了使法益概念发挥应有的机能,必须妥当确定具体犯罪的保护法益。法益的要保护性、法益的特定性、法益的融洽性与法益的可判断性,是确定具体犯罪保护法益的四个重要标准。禁忌与安全感缺乏要保护性,但国民的信赖、意志活动自由具有保护的必要性;此类犯罪中具体犯罪的保护法益不应当与彼类犯罪中具体犯罪的保护法益相同,不能因为不同的具体犯罪同属于某一类罪,就简单地将同类法益确定为具体犯罪的保护法益。对具体犯罪保护法益的确定,必须与具体犯罪的构成要件、不法程度相融洽,从而使保护法益与构成要件保持协调,而不存在任何例外。对具体犯罪所确定的保护法益必须具有经验的实在性,法益内容不能过于抽象和模糊,不应具有综合性与不确定性。

In order to make the concept of legally protected interests play its proper function,it is necessary to properly determine what are the legally protected interests of specific crimes.There are four important criterias for determining the legally protected interests of specific crimes:whether the protection of such legal interests is necessary;whether such interests is specific;whether the protection of such interests is in harmony with other legal interests,and whether such interests can be determined properly.Firstly,taboos and the sense of security are lack of the necessity of protection,but the trust of the national people and the freedom of people's will and activity should be protected.Secondly,the interests which are legally protected in this category of specific crimes shall not be deemed as the same interests that are protected in another category of specific crimes;we cannot simply define different specific crimes have the same kind of legal interests just because they belong to the same category of specific crimes.Thirdly,the interests of specific crimes shall be determined to harmonize with the constitutive elements of specific crimes and the degree of unlawfulness,so as to make the legally protected interests and the constitutive elements maintain coordination,and this is without any exception.Fourthly,the interests of specific crimes must have empirical reality,that is,the content of legal interests should not be too abstract,not be too vague,and should not be too comprehensive and too hard to be certain.