涉外法治视域下“适当联系”国际民事管辖权研究

Research on“Appropriate Contact”of International Civil Jurisdiction from the Perspective of Foreign-Related Rule of Law

新修订的《民事诉讼法》引入了“适当联系”国际民事管辖权,开启了我国适度扩张人民法院国际民事管辖权的新时代。“适当联系”国际民事管辖权不为国际法禁止,亦回应了国际民事管辖权理论基础的变迁,从而构成其作为中国主体性涉外法治话语的正当性依据。在涉外法律体系建设中,“适当联系”国际民事管辖权具备替代国内民事管辖规则的类推适用、供给与国内法域外适用条款相衔接的司法管辖规则以及填补必要管辖权功能空缺之体系效应。从提升涉外执法司法效能出发,“适当联系”国际民事管辖权规范的适用,应运用利益衡量方法厘清联系标准的认定,并利用协调国际民事管辖权冲突的法律制度对其合理限缩。作为我国推进涉外法治体系建设的重要举措,妥善实施“适当联系”国际民事管辖权规范,不仅有助于维护本国民商事利益,也是参与民商事争议全球治理的重要途径。

The establishment of“appropriate connection”international civil jurisdiction(ACICJ)in the 2023 Civil Procedure Law has opened a new era to reasonablely expand international civil jurisdiction of the People's Court.ACICJ is not prohibited by international law,and it also responds to the change of the theoretical basis of international civil jurisdiction,which constitutes the justification of it as a Chinese subjective discourse of foreign-related rule of law.In the construction of foreign-related legal system,ACICJ has a systematic effect of substituting domestic civil jurisdiction rules,providing jurisdictional rule that link with provisions of extra-territorial application of Chinase domestic law and filling the functional vacancy of forum necessitatis.In order to enhance the foreign-related judicial and enforceable efficiency,the method of measuring interests should be used to clarify the determination of connection standard,and the legal system for coordinating conflicts of international civil jurisdiction should be used to reasonably limit the application of ACICJ.As an important measure to promote the construction of the foreign-related rule of law system,the proper implementation of ACICJ will not only help to safeguard chinese civil and commercial interests,but also an important way to participate in the global governance of civil and commercial disputes.