中国城市儿童公共服务设施配置水平的空间分异及其影响因素

Spatial Differentiation and Influencing Factors of the Allocation Level of Urban Children's Public Service Facilities in China

从满足儿童最基本需求的安全健康、教育成长、自然游憩、文化休闲4个方面出发,使用空间统计工具探讨中国286个地级及以上城市儿童公共服务设施配置水平的空间分异特征及其影响因素。研究发现:①中国儿童公共服务设施配置水平空间差异明显,人均配置水平在长三角、珠三角以及东北地区优势明显,而地均配置水平高值区集中在经济发达、自然条件优越的华北和东南沿海地区。②按照地理区域、行政等级和城市规模等级划分,东北地区人均配置水平优势显著,东中部地区地均配置水平优于西部和东北地区;副省级、省会城市设施整体配置水平最高,城市规模与设施整体配置水平呈正相关关系。③儿童公共服务设施配置水平呈现出显著的空间正相关,但各指标的高值和低值的集聚分布模式存在一定差异。④人均配置水平的均衡程度优于地均配置水平,组间差异随着地区发展水平、城市等级、城市规模三者差异的变大而扩大。⑤设施配置水平空间分布格局的形成是人口、经济、自然三方面因素共同影响的结果。城镇化率和GDP是设施配置水平空间分异的主要驱动因素,各类设施配置水平空间分布的驱动因素各异,但总体与地区经济发展有密切关系。

From the aspects of meeting children's most basic needs,including safety and health,education and growth,natural recreation,cultural and leisure,this paper uses spatial statistical tools to explore the spatial differentiation characteristics of the allocation level of public service facilities for children in 286 municipal-level cities in China,and investigates the influencing factors of the allocation level of facilities.The results show that:1)There was an obvious spatial difference in the allocation level of public service facilities for children in China.The per capita allocation level has obvious advantages in the Yangtze River Delta,the Pearl River Delta and northeast China,while the high value of the land-average allocation level is concentrated in north China and the southeast coastal region where it has the economically developed and superior natural conditions.2)According to the geographical area,administrative level and city scale level,it has a significant advantage in per capita configuration level in northeast China,it has a better land�average allocation level in the eastern and central regions than that in the western region and northeast China.Sub�provincial and provincial capitals have the highest overall allocation level,and the overall allocation levels of facilities are positively correlated with the city scale.3)The allocation level of public service facilities for children show a significant positive spatial correlation,but there are some differences in the distribution patterns of high-and low-value clusters for each indicator.4)The per capita allocation level are more balanced than the land-average allocation level,and the differences between groups widen as the differences of the level of regional development,city level and city scale become greater.5)The formation of the spatial distribution pattern of facility allocation levels is the result of the joint influence of demographic,economic and natural factors.The urbanization rate and GDP are the main drivings for the spatial variation in facility allocation level,and the drivers of the spatial distribution of facility allocation levels vary by category,but are generally closely related to the regional economic development.