城市景观绅士化社会空间特征、机制与效应——以南京为例

Social Space Characteristics,Mechanism and Effect of Urban Landscape Gentrification:A Case Study of Nanjing

由城市山水资源驱动的景观绅士化现象是一种具有中国特色的绅士化类型,也是涉及城市自然景观资源合理利用与公平配置的实际问题。在提出景观绅士化概念的基础上,以南京为案例,基于城市住房市场、手机用户画像等多源异构数据,采用随机森林模型,根据绅士化发育程度将城市山水资源周边住宅小区划分为高度、中度和低度景观绅士化社区,分析其特征、空间模式和置换过程,并探讨景观绅士化驱力、效应与调控等问题。研究表明:景观绅士化社区通常紧邻山水资源,住宅档次与居民经济社会地位较高;山水资源的公共属性与开放程度与其周边社区景观绅士化程度密切相关,“封闭独占”和“通道分隔”模式更容易诱发高度景观绅士化现象;景观绅士化由供需两端共同推动,表现出积极效应的同时也容易导致山水资源的低效利用和“私有化”等问题;应倡导“开放共享”的空间开发模式,有效规避过度景观绅士化现象,最大程度发挥山水资源的综合效益。

Landscape gentrification,a category of gentrification with Chinese characteristics,is driven by green landscape resources,and concerns practical problems including the rational use and fair allocation of natural landscape resources.Based on the multi-source heterogeneous data,including urban housing market data and mobile phone user portrait,this study proposes the landscape gentrification conception and classifies Nanjing's residential areas neighboring the important green landscape resources into three categories(high-level landscape gentrified area,moderate-level landscape gentrified area and low-level landscape gentrified area)using the random forest model.Additionally,it explores the community characteristics of landscape gentrification and the mode of green landscape resources gentrification,and provides insights into the landscape gentrification's driving force,effect,and regulation.It's found that residential quarters going through landscape gentrification are close to green landscape resources,and have high residential grade and economic-social status,the public attribute and opening degree of green landscape resources are closely related to the gentrification degree of neighboring community landscape.Enclosure development mode can easily induce high-level landscape gentrification,landscape gentrification is driven by supply and demand,which improve the utilization efficiency of green landscape resources,however,inefficient use and privatization can also be observed.To effectively avoid over-landscape gentrification,the public sharing spatial development model is called for,which could produce the best possible economic-social results of the green landscape resources.