曹溶、朱彝尊、屈大均“雁门关”词考论

A Study of Cao Rong,Zhu Yizun and Qu Dajun’s“Yanmenguan”Ci

清初时期,贰臣曹溶、落魄士子朱彝尊与遗民屈大均于岭南、江南保持了长期的交游与情谊,并于曹溶为政山西期间,与傅山、顾炎武、李因笃等人汇聚于雁门关。经考证,曹、朱、屈三人的“雁门关”词分别作于康熙二年(1663)秋、康熙四年(1665)春与康熙五年(1666)冬,是追和赓唱之作。三位政治立场迥异的词人在雁门关这个特殊的空间以怀古题材共同奏响了兼具羁旅离愁之苦、故国之思与文化保种之识的心曲。三首作品在一定程度上反映了清初士人久经丧乱后的情感交融与思想共识。

In the early Qing Dynasty,Cao Rong,Zhu Yizun and Qu Dajun,the turncoat official,abjective scholar and adherent,maintained long-term friendship in Lingnan and Jiangnan.During Cao Rong’s reign in Shanxi,they gathered together with Fu Shan,Gu Yanwu and Li Yindu in Yanmenguan.According to textual research,the three of them wrote“Yanmenguan”in autumn in the sec-ond year of Kangxi(1663),spring in the fourth year of Kangxi(1665)and winter in the fifth year of Kangxi(1666)respectively,which are the works of singing poems.In the special space of Yanmenguan,three writers with different political positions displayed together with the theme of nostalgia for the past,which combines the sorrow of separation,the thought of the motherland and the knowledge of cultural preservation.To a certain extent,the three works reflect the emotional integration and ideological consensus of scholars in the early Qing Dynasty after a long period of turmoil.