广西乡村突发公共卫生事件应急系统脆弱性评价

Vulnerability Assessment of Emergent Response System for Rural Public Health Emergencies in Guangxi

目的:研究广西乡村应对突发公共卫生事件现状,评价广西乡村突发公共卫生事件应急系统脆弱性,提出降低广西乡村突发公共卫生事件应急系统脆弱性的对策建议。方法:参考VSD(vulnerability scoping diagram)评估框架,结合突发公共卫生事件应急系统脆弱性评价的量化指标,从暴露风险、敏感性和适应性三方面评价广西乡村突发公共卫生事件应急系统脆弱性。结果:突发公共卫生事件暴露风险高,事件发生频率和范围较大;突发公共卫生事件敏感性高,乡村经济水平较低,地理地形复杂,乡村人口中“一老一小”比例较高,乡村人群健康水平和健康素养均低于全国平均水平;突发公共卫生事件适应能力较差,乡村应急体系建设和机制建设有待完善、突发公共卫生事件应急机制不完善,卫生资源欠缺。结论:广西乡村突发公共卫生事件应急系统的脆弱性较高,应通过将卫生应急提前至准备阶段,提高人群健康水平,扎实体系建设,完善应急预案,提高资源配置等措施以获得改善。

Objective To study the current situation of rural response to public health emergencies in Guangxi,evaluate the vulnerability of the emergency system,and propose countermeasures to reduce the vulnerability.Methods Referring to the VSD(vulnerability scoping diagram)evaluation framework,and combined with the quantitative indicators of public health emergency system vulnerability assessment,the vulnerability of Guangxis rural public health emergency response system was evaluated from three aspects of exposure risk,sensitivity and adaptability.Results The exposure risk and the frequency of public health emergencies were high,and the scope of events was large.The sensitivity of public health emergencies was high.The rural economic level was low,with complex geographical terrain.The proportion of"old and young"in the rural population was high,and the health level and health literacy of the rural population were lower than the national average level.The ability to adapt to public health emergencies was poor.The construction of rural emergency response systems and mechanisms needs to be improved.The emergency response mechanism for public health emergencies was not perfect,and health resources were lacking.Conclusion The vulnerability of the emergency response system for public health emergencies in rural Guangxi is relatively high,which can be improved by measures as advancing the health emergency to the preparation stage,improving the health level of the population,establishing the system construction,perfecting the emergency plan,and intensifying the resource allocation.