基于遥感技术的哈尔滨巴彦—方正地区生态状况评价

Ecological assessment in Bayan-Fangzheng area of Harbin based on remote sensing method

开展生态状况评价可以了解一个地区的生态环境现状。以黑龙江省哈尔滨市巴彦—方正地区为研究区,利用2019年9月的Landsat 8卫星遥感数据,提取了该地区3个县的地面温度、归一化植被指数(normalized difference vegetation index,NDVI)、亮度和湿度;之后采用遥感生态指数(remote sensing ecological index,RSEI)将生态状况划分为优良、良好、中等、一般、较差5类;最后利用2020年的GlobeLand 30数据结合目视解译,在研究区划分出林草地、建设用地、旱地和水田,并分别以各县域和用地类型为研究对象开展生态状况评价与空间分析。结果显示:各县域间的生态状况差别不明显,且整体上均为良好,其中优良、良好、中等的区域占比约96%;不同用地类型间的生态状况差异较大,其中林草地以优良、良好为主,建设用地以中等、一般为主,旱地以良好为主,水田以良好、中等为主。该研究初步揭示了巴彦—方正地区的生态状况,可为绿色发展提供数据参考。

Conducting ecological assessment would help understanding the ecological conditions.In this paper,Bayan-Fangzheng area of Harbin City of Heilongjiang Province was chosen as the study area.Based on Landsat 8 satellite remote sensing data in September 2019,the authors extracted the surface temperature,normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI),brightness and humidity of 3 counties in this area,and then classified the ecological condition as excellent,good,moderate,acceptable and poor using remote sensing ecological index(RSEI).Finally,forest-grass land,construction land,dry farm,and paddy field were classified on the basis of GlobeLand 30 data in 2020 and visual interpretation,and ecological condition of each county and land cover were assessed and spatially analyzed.Results showed that the ecological condition for each county was identical and generally good,and the excellent,good and moderate region accounted for nearly 96%of the total area.The ecological condition varied between different land covers,with forest-grass land being excellent and good,construction land being moderate and acceptable,and paddy field being good and moderate.The understanding on the ecological condition was preliminarily revealed in Bayan-Fangzheng area from this research,which could provide valuable data for green development.