专利间接侵权与许可费定价问题之体系化研究

Systematic Research on Patent Contributory Infringement and Licensing Fee Pricing

体系化思维是立法、司法活动和法学研究中的必然要求。但专利间接侵权理论和许可费定价往往聚焦于权利行使阶段的利益平衡和博弈,容易忽视权利行使是立法、申请和授权确权各阶段的延续,欠缺体系化思维,遑论二者之间的体系化关联。间接侵权理论未能尊重授权、确权程序确立的权利边界,实质上是缩减授权权利要求的技术特征;在许可费定价问题中,整体市场价值原则实质上是拔高权利要求的主题层级,相当于增加技术特征。二者从相反方向拉扯权利要求,冲突的平衡点即为尊重授权的具有创造性贡献的权利要求。基于此,权利要求的构建应当使主题的层级与做出创造性贡献的技术特征相匹配,权利用尽原则应适用于具有相同的创造性核心的技术方案,专利权人不应变相地对产业链上的不同环节进行许可。

Systematic thinking is an inevitable requirement in legislative and judicial activities and legal research.However,the theory of patent contributory infringement and the pricing of licensing fees often focus on the balance of and competition for interests,and it is liable to ignore that the enforcement of patents is a continuation of the legislation and application,grant and confirmation of patents,lacking systematic thinking,not to say considering the systematic links between the two.The theory of contributory infringement fails to respect the rights boundaries established by the patent prosecution and confirmation procedures,which essentially reduces the technical features of the patented claims;in the pricing of license fees,the principle of entire market value essentially increases the subject level of the claims,which is equivalent to add technical features.The two try to shape the claims from opposite directions,and the balance point of the conflict is to respect the patented claims with creative contributions.Based on this,the construction of the claims should match the level of the subject matter with the technical features that make the creative contribution,the principle of exhaustion of rights should be applied to technical solutions with the same creative core,and the patentee should not repeatedly license different stages in the industrial chain disguisedly.