地域性原则的理解纠偏及涉外审判中外国法适用的重申——涉外定牌加工案件的启示

The Understanding and Correction of Regional Principle and the Restatement of the Application of Domestic Law in Foreign-related Trials——Enlightenment of Foreign-related Licensing Processing Cases

相比典型的商标侵权,涉外定牌加工案件的特殊性在于商品在境外销售,而不在于加工方和定作方的承揽关系。因此,该类案件与出口侵权案件的认定难点一致,在于法院对我国知识产权法域外效力的态度。最高法院在该类案件中的立场反转本质上是对我国商标法域外效力认识的转变;而其他法院的矛盾判决实际上源于“涉外知识产权审判只能适用我国法”这一错误认识。如欲一致处理该类案件,必须正确理解地域性原则的内涵,提高法院在涉外知识产权审判中对法律适用的重视程度,从效果主义的立场出发解释“被请求保护地”并恰当选择准据法,进而适用销售地法评价境外销售行为,而非适用我国法孤立地评价境内贴附行为,着重考察我国商标权人是否拥有被销售地商标法所承认的权益。另外,如果涉外定牌加工产品回流国内,则无需再考虑涉外因素,容易判断加工方构成商标侵权。

Compared with typical trademark infringement,the particularity of foreign-related OEM processing cases lies in the overseas sale of goods,rather than in the contract relationship between the processing party and the ordering party.Therefore,the difficulty in the determination of such cases and export infringement cases is consistent with the court's attitude towards the extraterritorial effect of China's intellectual property law.The reversal of the Supreme Court's position in such cases is essentially a change of understanding of the extraterritorial effect of China's trademark law;The contradictory judgments of other courts actually stem from the wrong understanding that"foreign-related intellectual property trials can only apply Chinese law".In order to deal with such cases in a consistent manner,it is necessary to correctly understand the connotation of the regional principle,increase the importance of the court to the application of law in foreign-related intellectual property trials,interpret the"place of protection claimed"from the standpoint of effect doctrine and properly select the applicable law,and then apply the law of the place of sale to evaluate the overseas sales behavior,rather than the isolated evaluation of the domestic attachment behavior by applying the Chinese law.It focuses on whether the trademark owners of our country have the rights recognized by the trademark law of the place of sale.In addition,if the foreign-branded processed products return to the country,there is no need to consider foreign-related factors,and it is easy to judge that the processing party constitutes trademark infringement.