中学生受欺凌影响因素多水平分析——基于学校、班级和个体三层面

A Multilevel Analysis of the Influencing Factors of Bullying in Middle School Students:Based on School,Class and Individual Three Levels

目的:以社会生态理论为基础,了解湖南省中学生受校园欺凌的现状及其多水平影响因素。方法:于2018年4~7月在湖南省采用分层整群抽样方法,合计纳入7142名中学生作为调查对象。采用结合中文版Olweus儿童欺凌问卷和班级感知环境问卷而设计的自制问卷对调查对象进行调查。结果:湖南省中学生受校园欺凌的发生率为17.9%,传统欺凌占17.7%,网络欺凌占2.9%,同时遭受传统和网络欺凌的发生率为2.7%。三水平logistic回归模型提示,男生、非完整家庭学生、贫困家庭学生、经常玩暴力游戏学生、农村地区学校学生是中学生受校园欺凌的危险因素,班级中学生感知班级环境得分越高和学校有开设心理健康课程是中学生受校园欺凌的保护因素。结论:应以男生、非完整家庭学生、贫困家庭学生和经常玩暴力游戏学生为重点监护对象,全方位加强中学生的心理健康教育,积极营造和谐友好的班级氛围。

Objective:To investigate the current situation and influencing factors of school bullying among middle school students in Hunan Province.Methods:The stratified cluster sampling method was adopted in Hunan Province from April to July 2018,and a total of 7142 middle school students were included as survey subjects.A self-made questionnaire combined with the Chinese version of Olweus Child Bullying Questionnaire and the class perceived environment questionnaire was used to test the survey subjects.Results:The incidence of school bullying among middle school students in Hunan Province was 17.9%,traditional bullying accounted for 17.7%,cyber bullying accounted for 2.9%,both traditional and cyber bullying accounted for 2.7%.Boys(23.4%)were more likely to be bullied than girls(13.0%).Junior high school students(22.5%)were more likely to be bullied than senior high school students(12.6%).The three-level logistic regression model suggested that boys,students from incomplete families,students from poor families,students who often play violent games,and students inrural areas were therisk factors for middle and high school students to be bullied.The higherthe students'perceived class environment score and the mental health course were the protective factors of school bullying.Conclusion:Boys,students from incomplete families,students from poor families and students who often play violent games should be taken as the key subjects of supervision.Mental health education of middle school students should be strengthened in all aspects and a harmonious and friendly class atmosphere should be actively created.