上古文献“分别词”与特殊异读考辨

“Distinguishing Words”and Its Function in Discriminating Special Variant Pronunciation In Ancient Literature

我们将上古文献中处在相邻语言环境、词义上有一定关联、语音上存在区别的词称为“分别词”。通过四组“分别词”的辨析,对与之相关的特殊异读的来源进行了深入探讨,认为“分别词”作为一个线索,能够证明最初两个词读音有别,在后来的发展中,有的通过同义换读产生特殊异读,有的是字形混同产生特殊异读。认为“分别词”代表了词汇发展“分”的阶段,而“同义换读”代表了词汇发展“合”的阶段,在这个过程中,经历了词汇的融合和竞争,最终形成字音的根本性更替。

The wurds in the ancient literature in the adjacent contexts with related meaning,and different pronunciation are called as distinguishing words.Through the analysis of four groups of"distinguishing words",this paper discussed on the source of the special variant pronunciation related to them.It is believed that"distinguishing words"as a clue,can prove that the pronunciation of the two words is different at first.In the later development,some of them produce special variant pronunciation through interchangeability of sounds of characters with the same meaning,and some of them produce special variant pronunciation through the mixing of glyphs.It is believed that“distinguishing words”represent the stage of“dividing”in the development of vocabulary,while“interchangeability of sounds of characters with the same meaning”represents the“merging”。In this process,it has experienced the integration and competition of vocabulary,and finally formed the fundamental replacement of word pronunciation.