典型铜硫单矿物电化学浮选行为及实际矿石浮选研究

Study on electrochemical flotation behavior of typical copper-sulfur single minerals and actual ore flotation

针对典型铜矿物黄铜矿和辉铜矿、典型黄铁矿和磁黄铁矿单矿物,研究了在硫氨脂和丁铵黑药体系不同pH值和矿浆电位下各自的浮选行为。结果表明:酸性条件下,黄铜矿和磁黄铁矿都有较高的回收率,难以实现分离;当初始pH>10时,铜矿物和硫铁矿物的可浮性差异较大,可尝试两者的分选,且丁铵黑药作为捕收剂时,铜硫单矿物的浮选行为与硫氨脂作为捕收剂时差别不大。在单矿物浮选行为研究基础上,开展了铜硫矿物人工混合矿电位调控浮选分离研究,获得了理想的分离效果。在基于密度泛函的矿物基因分析基础上,设计了电位调控使用的磨矿和浮选装置,并采用高硫铜比实际矿石进行了电位调控浮选分离验证试验,较常规浮选,在保证铜回收率的前提下,得到了更高的铜精矿品位。

In this paper,the flotation behaviors of single minerals in the typical copper minerals such as chalcopyrite and chalcocite,as well as in typical pyrite and pyrrhotite were studied at different pH values and pulp potentials in the systems of thiocarbamate and butylamine dithiophosphate.The results showed that under acidic conditions,chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite had higher recovery rates,making it dificult to separate.When the initial pH was greater than 10,there was a significant difference in the floatability of copper minerals and sulfur-iron minerals,and then the separation of the two could be tried.Moreover,the flotation behavior of copper-sulfur single minerals was not significantly different from that of thiocarbamate when butylamine dithiophosphate was used as a collector.Meanwhile,on the basis of the study of the flotation behavior of single minerals,the potential regulation flotation separation of the artificial mixed ore of copper-sulfur minerals was carried out,and the ideal separation effect was obtained.On the basis of mineral gene analysis based on the density functional theory,a grinding and flotation device for the potential regulation was designed,and a potential regulation flotation separation validation test was carried out by using actual ores with a high sulfur copper ratio.Compared to the conventional flotation,the potential regulation flotation could ensure the copper recovery rate and obtain higher copper concentrate grades.