中药天然活性成分在流行性感冒疫苗免疫佐剂中的应用与前景

Application and prospect of natural active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine in immunological adjuvant for influenza vaccine

疫苗接种是预防流行性感冒的有效方法,佐剂可增强流感疫苗的免疫应答强度和持久性,而目前存在临床佐剂批准少、对弱抗原无效、易引起头痛等不足,因此,开发安全有效的新型流感疫苗佐剂对提高疫苗免疫原性和安全性尤为重要。因中药来源广泛、安全性高、可生物降解,一些研究将其描述为疫苗佐剂。该文梳理了流感疫苗佐剂的应用现状和挑战,总结了中药佐剂的种类,中药天然活性成分联合流感疫苗后的安全性和免疫调节效果,中药佐剂在抗原储存作用、抗原递呈能力、免疫细胞及细胞因子、免疫应答4个方面作用机制,并分析了中药佐剂区别于小分子佐剂的优势与不足,以期促进流感疫苗中药佐剂的临床开发和商品化进程。

Vaccination is an effective method for preventing influenza,and adjuvants can enhance the immune response intensity and persistence of influenza vaccines.However,there are currently shortcomings in clinical adjuvant approvals,ineffectiveness against weak antigens,and a tendency to cause headaches.Therefore,the development of safe and effective novel adjuvants for influenza vaccines is particularly important to enhance vaccine immunogenicity and safety.Given the wide range of sources,high safety,and biodegradability of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),some studies have described it as a vaccine adjuvant.This article reviewed the current status and challenges of influenza vaccine adjuvants,summarized the types of TCM adjuvants,the safety and immunomodulatory effects of natural active ingredients from TCM combined with influenza vaccines,the role of TCM adjuvants in antigen storage,antigen presentation capability,immune cells and cytokines,and immune responses,and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of TCM adjuvants compared with small molecule adjuvants,with the aim of promoting the clinical development and commercialization of TCM adjuvants for influenza vaccines.