不同干燥方式对西洋参中人参皂苷含量的影响

Effects of Different Drying Methods on the Content of Ginsenosides in American Ginseng

为了比较冷冻干燥、软枝烘干、硬枝烘干和60℃恒温干燥方式对西洋参中人参皂苷含量的影响,采用高效液相色谱法对4种不同干燥方式烘干的西洋参中人参皂苷含量进行测定,利用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统(2004 A版)对西洋参样品色谱图进行相似度评价;利用SPSS及SIMCA软件进行主成分分析(PCA)和偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA)。结果表明:干燥方式基本分为3类,恒温60℃干燥、冷冻干燥与软枝、硬枝差别较明显,软枝和硬枝两种干燥方式差别不大。不同干燥方式对人参皂苷含量影响显著,恒温60℃干燥所得人参皂苷含量较高。60℃烘干出干率较高,冷冻干燥较低,60℃烘干有利于产量提升,但就干燥后性状而言,冷冻干燥保持了药材原性状,质地较脆,内部结构疏松,60℃烘干会略微加深西洋参药材的颜色。干燥方式的不同对西洋参人参皂苷的含量有显著影响,本研究为西洋参产地加工方式的选择提供了依据。

In order to compare the effects of freeze drying,soft branch drying,hard branch drying and constant temperature drying at 60℃on the content of ginsenosides in American ginseng,the content of ginsenosides in American ginseng dried by four different drying methods was determined by high performance liquid chromatography.Principal component analysis(PCA)and partial least squares discriminant analysis(PLS-DA)were performed by SPSS and SIMCA software.The results shows that,thedrying methods were basically divided into three categories.Drying at a constant temperature of 60℃and freeze-drying were significantly different from those of soft and hard branches,and there was little difference between the two drying methods of soft and hard branches.Different drying methods had significant effects on the content of ginsenosides,and the content of ginsenosides obtained by drying at a constant temperature of 60℃was higher.Drying at 60℃had a higher drying rate,while freeze-drying was lower.Drying at 60℃was beneficial to increase the yield.However,in terms of properties after drying,freeze-drying maintained the original properties of the medicinal material,with a brittle texture and loose internal structure.Drying slightly darkened the color of the American ginseng herbs.This study provides a basis for the selection of processing methods in American ginseng production areas.