达斡尔、鄂伦春、鄂温克、赫哲族传统歌舞艺术比较研究

Comparative Study of Traditional Song and Dance Art of Daur,Oroqen,Ewenki,and Hezhe Ethnic Groups

达斡尔、鄂伦春、鄂温克、赫哲族居于黑龙江、嫩江(两江)流域,是我国东北边疆独有的民族。他们的语言均属于阿尔泰语系,其中达斡尔族属于阿尔泰语系蒙古语族,其他三个民族均属于阿尔泰语系通古斯语族。他们的传统歌舞既有鲜明的艺术风格特点,又有许多相似性的共性特征,是我国北方东北边疆独具特色的歌舞艺术。共同或相近的地理空间、相同或相近的族源关系,使得这些民族传统歌舞艺术在其发展的审美实践中,形成了具有生命力的审美优势和美学特质,蕴涵在民族歌舞中的经过历史检验和筛选的中华民族的核心价值观念和伦理道德取向,在今天尤其应该得到继承和强化。民族传统歌舞贯穿了民族生产生活的全部领域,是他们狩猎、驯鹿、渔猎、农耕等活动中的重要内容。东北边疆民族舞蹈与其生存的自然生态和民族特有的生产生活方式,特有的世界观、人生观、审美观紧密联系在一起,集中体现了民族文化的特色。

Daur,Oroqen,Ewenki,and Hezhe have lived in Heilongjiang and Nenjiang(two rivers)basin for generations and are unique ethnic groups in the northeastern border of China.They belong to the Altaic language family,among which the Daur ethnic group belongs to the Mongolic branch of the Altaic language family,and the other three ethnic groups belong to the Tungusic branch of the Altaic language family.The traditional song and dance have distinct artistic style characteristics and many common features,making them unique song and dance art in the northeastern border of China.Due to the common or similar geographic space and ethnic origin,these ethnic traditional song and dance arts have formed aesthetic advantages and aesthetic qualities with vitality in their development and aesthetic practices,embodying the core values and ethical orientations of the Chinese nation that have been tested and selected through history,and should be inherited and strengthened especially today.Ethnic traditional song and dance runs through all aspects of ethnic production and life,and becomes an important content in their hunting,deertaming,fishing,and farming activities.The ethnic dances in northeastern border areas are closely related to their natural ecology,unique producting and living methods,and unique worldview,outlook on life,and aesthetic views,which reflect the characteristics of ethnic culture.