论刑法中个人信息的识别

On the Identification of Personal Information in Criminal Law

“识别”是个人信息概念中的核心和关键要素,是连结阻挡层法益和背后层法益的纽带。刑法中个人信息的识别困境,体现在外观识别、内涵识别和体系识别三个方面。应该结合场景理论来确立个人信息的识别标准。识别目的越明确,界定为公民个人信息的可能性越大;识别能力越强,界定为公民个人信息的可能性越大;识别后果越重,界定为公民个人信息的可能性越大;识别概率越高,界定为公民个人信息的可能性越大。刑法中的敏感信息不必与前置法中的敏感信息采取相同的识别标准,应该根据识别后果对背后层的人身、财产安全的危险程度来界定刑法中的敏感信息。

“Identification”is the core and key element in the concept of personal information,serving as a link between the barrier layer of legal interests and the back layer of legal interests.The dilemma of identifying personal information in criminal law is reflected in the following three aspects:external identification,internal identification and systematic identification.The criteria for the identification of personal information should be established in conjunction with scenario theory.The clearer the purpose,stronger the ability,heavier the consequences,and higher the probability of identification,the greater the possibility of defining it as citizen personal information.Sensitive information in criminal law does not have to be subject to the same identification criteria as sensitive information in prior laws,and should be defined according to the degree of danger to the personal and property safety of the back layer of legal interests caused by the identification consequences.