压铸铝合金的发展历史和未来展望

Development History and Future Prospect of Die Cast Aluminum Alloy

本文介绍了铝合金的成型技术及压铸铝合金需要满足的性能要求,即需具有良好的液态流动性、较小的结晶温度范围、较高的高温强度、较低的收缩率以及较好的高温稳定性,梳理了压铸铝合金行业的发展历史。随着压铸技术的不断进步发展,Al-Si、Al-Zn、Al-Cu、Al-Mg系四大类压铸铝合金逐渐得到广泛的应用。本文基于这四类压铸铝合金的相图介绍了其微观组织,并讨论了微观组织与性能的关系,总结了微量元素Fe、Mn、Sr、Ti、B、Cr、稀土元素等对压铸铝合金微观组织及性能的影响,最后对压铸铝合金的未来发展提出了一些建议,未来还需要在以下几方面进行研究:压铸铝合金的轻量化处理,通过微合金化与复合化相结合的方式进一步提高压铸铝合金的性能,研发免热处理压铸铝合金以及拓展新的压铸铝合金系列。

This paper presents an overview of the forming technology and performance requirements for die⁃casting aluminum alloys.The essential properties for such alloys include excellent liquid fluidity,a narrow crystallization temperature range,higher high temperature strength,low shrinkage rate,and robust high temperature stability.Additionally,the historical development of the die⁃casting aluminum alloy industry is examined,highlighting advancements and progress in die⁃casting technology.Over time,four predominant types of die⁃casting aluminum alloys,namely Al⁃Si,Al⁃Zn,Al⁃Cu,and Al⁃Mg,have gained widespread adoption.This study focuses on the microstructures of these four alloy types,utilizing phase diagrams and exploring the correlation between microstructures and properties.Furthermore,it summarizes the impact of trace elements such as Fe,Mn,Sr,Ti,B,Cr,and rare earth elements on the microstructure and properties of die⁃casting aluminum alloys.Ultimately,the paper offers suggestions for the future development of die⁃casting aluminum alloys.Key areas of research include lightweight treatment methods,enhancing alloy performance through microalloying and compounding techniques,developing heat⁃free die⁃casting aluminum alloys,and expanding the range of new alloy series.This comprehensive investigation aims to advance the understanding and application of die⁃casting aluminum alloys.