政策工具、产业异质性与企业绩效——基于战略性新兴产业的微观考察

Policy Tools,Industrial Heterogeneity and Firm Performance--Micro-examination Based on Strategic Emerging Industries

积极推动战略性新兴产业发展是实现我国产业结构升级、经济高质量发展的必由之路,其中税收优惠和政府补贴是最常见的两个政策工具。选取2016—2020年875家上市的战略性新兴产业的财务数据,实证检验税收优惠和政府补贴对企业绩效影响。研究发现:单独运用税收优惠政策的情形下,税收优惠并没有起到提升企业绩效的作用,反而对企业产生抑制效应;但在单独运用政府补贴工具时,政府补贴对企业绩效具有显著的正向促进作用;当考虑两种政策并行时,不同政策工具对企业绩效的作用效果互不影响。进一步通过产业异质性分析发现,政策工具对战略性新兴产业的激励效应会因产业不同而呈现差异化。结论表明,对于战略性新兴产业应加大政府补贴力度、改善补贴结构、考虑产业异质性、斟酌使用税收优惠政策,并根据产业特点提高政策实施的精准度。

Actively promoting the development of strategic emerging industries is one way to realize the upgrading of our country’s industrial structure and high-quality economic development.Among them,tax incentives and government subsidies are the two most common policy support tools.This paper selects the financial data of 875 listed strategic emerging industries from 2016 to 2020 to empirically test the impact of tax incentives and government subsidies on corporate performance.The study found that under the circumstance of the use of preferential tax policies alone,tax incentives did not play a role in improving the performance of enterprises,but had a restraining effect on enterprises.However,when the government subsidy tool is used alone,the government subsidy has a significant positive promotion effect on the performance of the enterprise;when the two policies are considered in parallel,the effect of different policy tools on the performance of the enterprise does not affect each other.Further analysis of industrial heterogeneity shows that the incentive effect of policy tools on strategic emerging industries will be differentiated according to different industries.The above conclusions show that for strategic emerging industries,government subsidies should be increased,the subsidy structure should be improved,industrial heterogeneity should be considered,preferential tax policies should be used,and the accuracy of policy implementation should be improved according to industry characteristics.