高技能人才自主流动空间分布、驱动因素与强度评价

The Spatial Distribution,Driving Factors and Intensity Evaluation of the Autonomous Flow of Highly Skilled Talents

制造业高技能人才的流动特征是制定区域高技能人才匹配和引入政策的重要依据,对其进行理论和应用研究具有重要的现实意义。基于大数据思想,采用数据爬虫技术、空间热力图工具、分类Logistic因子和非因子模型以及综合评价方法对我国四个制造业试点示范城市群的高技能人才自主流动特征进行空间分布、自主流动驱动因素和流动性强度进行研究。研究发现:我国制造业试点示范城市群主要分布在东南部,高技能人才整体呈现流入为主的自主流动性格局,南部城市群流动性活跃程度较高;在流动性驱动因素中,高技能人才自身的内部因素是其自主流动的主要驱动因素,其中体现技能水平特征的学历因素对制造业发展较为成熟的珠江西岸城市群高技能人才的流入和流出具有较强的驱动效应,体现高技能人才自然属性特征的性别和年龄是各试点示范城市群高技能人才自主流动的常规驱动因素,体现意愿的期望薪酬对高技能人才的自主流动驱动效应不明显;进一步综合各驱动因素的驱动强度分析显示,珠江西岸城市群以其流入高分和流出低分表现出强劲的高技能人才市场活跃性。高技能人才自主流动存在从基础的自然属性驱动流动到高质量的技能水平驱动的质变过程。

The characteristics of the flow of highly skilled talents in manufacturing industry is an important basis for the formulation of regional highly skilled talents matching and introduction policy,and it is of great practical significance to conduct theoretical and applied research on it.Based on the idea of big data,the paper makes a study on the spatial distribution,driving factors and mobility strength of the autonomous flow characteristics of high-skilled talents in the four-manufacturing pilot demonstration urban agglomerations by using data crawler technology,spatial heat field tool,Logistic factor and non-factor model and comprehensive evaluation method.The results show that the manufacturing pilot agglomeration in our country is mainly distributed in the southeast.The agglomeration with high-skilled talents presents an autonomous mobility pattern mainly and the southern agglomerations have a high active mobility.Among the driving factors of mobility,the internal factors of highly skilled talents are the main driving factors of their autonomous flow.Among them,the educational background,which reflects the characteristics of skill level,has a strong driving effect on the inflow and outflow of highly skilled talents in the urban agglomeration of the West Bank of the Pearl River,where the manufacturing industry is more mature.Gender and age,which reflect the natural characteristics of highly skilled talents,are the conventional driving factors for the autonomous flow of highly skilled talents in all pilot and demonstration urban agglomerations.The expected salary,which reflects the will,has no obvious driving effect on the autonomous flow of highly skilled talents.The analysis of the driving strength of all driving factors shows that the urban agglomeration on the West Bank of the Pearl River shows strong activity of the high-skilled talent market with its high inflow and low outflow scores.The autonomous flow of highly skilled talents is a process of qualitative change from basic natural attribute driven flow to high-quality skill level driven.