轨道车辆扇形压电阵列式俘能器宽频响应设计

Broadband Response Design of Sector-Shaped Piezoelectric Array Energy Harvester for Rail Vehicles

为提高轨道车辆振动可再生能源利用效率,提出了一种压电梁阵列设计方案。首先,基于欧拉-伯努利理论建立扇形双晶悬臂梁阵列的分布参数机电模型,对其机电耦合特性进行分析;其次,针对上海地铁列车采集的轴箱振动信号,采用ANSYS软件进行有限元分析,提出一种具有12个梁单元的多维圆盘阵列采集系统;最后,搭建振动测试平台进行了实验。结果表明,可以采取机械调谐策略调整压电阵列的设计参数,在20.95,40.45和204.19 Hz这3个振源频率处产生工作频率点,从而与轴箱振动环境实现宽频匹配,结构的前12阶低频谐振宽度达到35.68 Hz。提出的扇形压电阵列式俘能器的宽频响应及输出性能良好,可以根据所需轨道车辆环境振动特性进行匹配,提高智能监测用小型无源传感器的输出性能。

In order to improve the utilization efficiency of renewable energy for rail vehicle vibration,a design scheme of piezoelectric beam array is proposed.First,based on Euler-Bernoulli′s theory and analysis of its electromechanical coupling characteristics,this paper establishes the distributed parameter electromechanical model of the sector-shaped dual crystal cantilever beam array.Then,ANSYS software is used for finite element analysis for the axle box vibration signal collected by the Shanghai subway train.a multi-dimensional disk array acquisition system with 12 beam elements is proposeed and a vibration test platform for experiments is built.The results show that the mechanical tuning strategy can be adapted to adjust the design parameters of the piezoelectric array.The working frequency points can be generated at three vibration source frequencies of 20.95,40.45 and 204.19 Hz to achieve broadband matching with the axle box vibration environment,and the first 12 lowfrequency resonance widths of the structure can reach 35.68 Hz.The sector-shaped piezoelectric array energy harvester proposed in this paper has a good broadband response and good output performance.It can be dynamically matched according to rail vehicles′required environmental vibration characteristics and is suitable for im‑proving the output performance of small passive sensors for intelligent monitoring.