中青年冠心病PCI术后病人自我管理体验及需求的质性研究

Qualitative study on self-management experience and needs of young and middle-aged patients with coronary heart disease after PCI

目的:了解中青年冠心病经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后病人的自我管理体验及需求,为制订针对性护理干预措施提供参考。方法:采用现象学研究方法对14例住院中青年冠心病PCI术后病人进行半结构式访谈,应用Colaizzi 7步分析法分析访谈资料。结果:提炼出3个主题,7个亚主题,即缺乏自我管理的意识(自我管理知识不足、自我管理内在动机不足、信息真实性和有用性评价知识缺乏)、疾病对情绪的不良影响(术后焦虑和恐惧及心理负担重、对疾病并发症的担忧)、渴望获取帮助(渴望家属及医务人员帮助、希望获取权威的健康信息)。结论:中青年冠心病PCI术后病人自我管理意识不强,病人及其家属迫切希望得到帮助,医护人员要加强有关知识的普及与专科指导,通过多种方式提高病人自我管理意识与能力。

Objective:To investigate the self-management experience and needs of young and middle-aged patients with coronary heart disease(CHD)after PCI,and to provide reference for formulating targeted nursing interventions.Methods:A total of 14 young and middle-aged patients with CHD after PCI received semi-structured interviews by using phenomenological research method and the interview data were analyzed by using Colaizzi 7-step analysis method.Results:The 3 themes and 7 subthemes were extracted including lack of awareness of self-management(lack of knowledge of self-management,lack of intrinsic motivation of self-management,evaluation of authenticity and usefulness of information to be verified),adverse effects of disease on emotions(postoperative anxiety and fear and heavy psychological burden,worry about complications of disease),desire to get help(desire for help from family members and medical staff,hope to get authoritative health information).Conclusions:Young and middle-aged patients with CHD after PCI do not have a strong sense of self-management,and patients and their families are eager to get help.Medical staff should strengthen the popularization of relevant knowledge and specialist guidance,and improve patients′self-management consciousness and ability through various ways.