植物染色体加倍的表型和遗传学效应研究进展

Progress on Phenotypic and Genetic Effects of Chromosome-doubling in Polyploid Plants

多倍体植物在自然界中普遍存在,由于其相对于二倍体的生长优势和更好的环境适应性被广泛关注。分析染色体加倍对植物产生的表型和遗传学效应,可为应用染色体加倍技术进行作物遗传改良和倍性育种提供指导。通过对相关文献的梳理,从染色体加倍前后植物外部形态、生物学特性和细胞形态方面,分析了染色体加倍引起的表型变异,通过代谢水平、蛋白质水平、DNA/RNA水平和表观遗传方面的变异分析,揭示了染色体加倍的遗传学效应。

Polyploid plants are common in nature and have been widely concerned for their growth advantages and better adaptability compared to diploid plants.In order to elaborate the effects of chromosome-doubling on phenotypic and genetic and to provide theoretical guidance and direction for application of chromosome-doubling technology in crop genetic improvement and ploidy breeding,phenotypic effects of chromosome-doubling are discussed through external morphology,biological characteristics and cell morphological variation,and genetic effects are reviewed through changes in metabolic level,protein level,DNA/RNA level and epigenetics.