袋栽黑木耳不同品种与刺孔数量对出耳的影响

Effects of Different Varieties and Puncture Hole Numbers on theEmergence of Auricularia auricula in Bag Cultivation

为筛选出适宜生产应用的黑木耳品种及菌棒刺孔数量,对引进的5个黑木耳新品种黑威单片、黑威15、黑29、黑威S1907、黑威S1908分别设置菌棒刺220、160、100孔的“O”形孔处理,从菌丝生长状况、生育期、商品性、产量、效益等方面进行了比较研究。结果表明,黑威单片、黑威15、黑威29等3个品种长势好,菌丝浓密。同品种菌棒耳芽的形成期和始收期均随刺孔数目的递减而延长,菌棒产量均随刺孔数目的递减而减少,刺孔数目对品种的商品性、制干率和泡发率无明显影响。黑威15表现最佳,该品种耳片呈单片、边缘圆整、无根,耳脉粗大,颜色黑灰色,肉质韧性好;刺孔采用220孔的最佳,干耳平均产量最高,为0.054 kg/棒,转化率13.50%。该品种在兰州地区栽培的最佳制棒时间为6月上旬,6月中下旬至7月养菌,8—10月出耳,该时间段长出的木耳产量最高,品质最佳。

In order to clarify the effects of different varieties of Auricularia auricula and the number of puncture holes on the emergence of Auricularia auricula,five different varieties such as Heiwei danpian,Heiwei 15,Heiwei 29,Heiwei S1907 and Heiwei S1908 were used with 220 holes,160 holes and 100 holes in'O'shape applied on the mushroom-sticks.Comparisions were made on mycelium growth,growth period,commodity,yield,and economic return.The results showed that the three varieties Heiweidanpian,Heiwei 15 and Heiwei 29 had good growth and dense hyphae.The formation period and initial harvest period of buds of the same variety of mushroom sticks were extended with the decreasing number of puncture holes,and the yield of mushroom sticks decreased with the decreasing number of holes,and puncture hole numbers showed no significant effect on the commodity rate,drying rate and foaming rate.Heiwei 15 yielded the best production performance,with single earpiece,round edges,and no roots.The ear veins were thick,and the color was black gray,and the ear showed good toughness.The best puncture method was to use 220 holes,with the highest average dry ear yield of 0.054 kg/rod and a conversion rate of 13.5%.The best time to make sticks of Heiwei 15 in Lanzhou area is early June with fungi cultivation from mid to late June to July and ear production from August to October.The highest yield and best quality of Auricularia auricula are expected during this period of time.