油页岩半焦生物炭对玉米产量及土壤理化性状的影响

Effect of Oil Shale Semi-coke on Corn Yield and Soil Physical andChemical Properties

油页岩半焦含有丰富的有机质和无机营养物质,是复混肥理想的添加物料。为了提升油页岩半焦生物炭在农业生产中的利用价值,以玉米为指示作物,玉米品种先玉335为指示品种,设施油页岩半焦生物炭20、40、60、80 t/hm^(2),不施肥和仅施氮、磷肥(优化施肥)6个处理,采用随机区组设计,研究了不同油页岩半焦生物炭施用量对玉米产量及土壤养分状况的影响。结果表明,施用油页岩半焦生物炭后土壤性状发生显著变化,与播前相比,土壤容重下降了2.21%~8.82%,土壤孔隙度增加了-11.05%~4.08%,毛管孔隙度增加了-6.70%~3.74%,土壤pH下降了4.73%~7.84%。土壤储水量较对照不施肥处理增加了18.85%~30.57%。与优化施肥相比,土壤全氮增加了6.25%~20.83%,土壤全磷增加了0~25.51%,土壤全钾增加了0.92%~2.63%,土壤有机质增加了24.29%~88.26%,土壤碱解氮增加了-7.40%~14.21%,土壤速效磷增加了-30.27~80.37%,土壤速效钾增加了-12.87%~115.07%。在油页岩半焦生物炭投入量为60 t/hm^(2)时,玉米产量最高,达17681.4 kg/hm^(2),较对照不施肥处理增产20.10%。综合分析,施不同用量油页岩半焦生物炭均能明显改善土壤物理化学性状,显著提升土壤肥力,促进作物生长,进而提高作物产量。

In order to further enhance the application value of oil shale semi-coke mineral biochar in agricultural production,the effects of oil shale semi-coke application on corn yield and soil nutrient status were studied with the indicator maize variety Xianyu 335.6 treatments including 4 oil shale semi-coke biochar rates(20,40,60,80 t/ha,respectively),no fertilizer and N and P fertilizer only(optimized fertilization)were applied according to a randomized block design.The results showed that after applying oil shale semi-coke,the soil properties could be significantly changed,the soil bulk density was decreased by 2.21%to 8.82%,and soil porosity was increased by-11.05%to 4.08%,the capillary porosity was increased by-6.70%to 3.74%,the soil pH value was decreased by 4.73%to 7.84%.Soil water storage was increased by 18.85%to 30.57%.Contents of soil total nitrogen,soil total phosphorus,soil total potassium,soil organic matter,soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,soil available P,soil available K were increased by 6.25%to 20.83%,0 to 25.51%,0.92%to 2.63%,24.29%to 88.26%,-7.40%to 14.21%,-30.27 to 80.37%and-12.87%to 115.07%,respectively,compared with the optimized fertilization.When the semi-coke input of oil shale was 60 t/ha,the corn yield,17681.4 kg/ha,was highest which was 20.10%higher than that of no fertilization.Comprehensive analysis showed that different rates of oil shale semi-coke biocharall had certain effects on corn growth and yield,and soil physicochemical properties which could significantly increase the soil fertility.