海底小目标高分辨合成孔径声呐成像技术研究进展

Research progress of high-resolution imaging SAS technology with a small seabed target

海底小目标的成像探测问题是海底探测领域的经典难题,合成孔径声呐技术为小目标高分辨成像与探测提供了主要技术手段。本文分析了现阶段合成孔径声呐所面临的主要能力提升问题,介绍了合成孔径声呐高分辨成像的基本原理以及多子阵成像技术,并且针对合成孔径声呐面临的技术难点,对运动误差估计与补偿技术、高测绘效率成像技术、非稳定直航下的高分辨成像技术进行了讨论,介绍了相关技术路线与研究进展,并在此基础上展望了海底小目标高分辨成像技术的发展趋势与应用前景。

Imaging detection of small targets on the seafloor is a classic puzzling problem in seafloor detection,and synthetic aperture sonar(SAS)technology provides the primary technical solution for high-resolution imaging and detection of small targets.This study analyzes the primary challenges in enhancing SAS capabilities and introduces the basic principle of high-resolution imaging of SAS as well as multi-subarray imaging technology.Moreover,addressing the technical difficulties confronting SAS,this study discusses motion error estimation and compensation technology,high mapping efficiency imaging technology,and high-resolution imaging technology under unstable direct navigation and introduces relevant technical routes and research progress.Finally,on this basis,the development trend and application prospect of high-resolution imaging technology for small seabed targets are forecasted.