异构无人潜水器水声通信技术发展综述

Advances and trends of underwater acoustic communication technology for heterogeneous unmanned underwater vehicles

作为构建无人潜水器水下信息链路的关键技术,水声通信一方面受不确定海洋环境下水声信道多径、多普勒、环境噪声等制约因素严重影响;同时,不同类型异构无人潜水器具有完全不同的工作模式、航行状态、平台适装要求,对水声通信造成极大挑战。本文的目的是对异构无人潜水器水声通信技术近年来取得的研究进展进行分类综述。首先对自主式水下航行器、水下滑翔机、波浪滑翔机等典型异构无人潜水器水声通信面临的挑战进行介绍,然后从模型方法理论、技术系统实现及工程化应用等方面分析异构无人潜水器水声通信国内外的研究现状。考虑到当前异构无人潜水器水声通信技术仍无法满足高性能海洋立体信息体系建设的需求,本文围绕典型应用场景探讨了相关技术发展趋势并从适应性、体系化、一体化等角度进行展望。

Despite being a key technology for establishing information links via unmanned vehicles,underwater acous-tic communication is severely affected by various negative factors such as multiple paths,the Doppler effect,and en-vironmental noise in uncertain marine environments.Moreover,different types of heterogeneous unmanned underwater vehicles have completely different working modes,navigation states,and platform installation requirements,which pose a great challenge to underwater acoustic communication.This study provides a clear and categorical overview of the major advances in underwater acoustic communication technologies for heterogeneous unmanned vehicles in recent years.First,we introduce challenges faced by underwater acoustic communication technologies for typical heterogene-ous unmanned vehicles such as AUVs,gliders,and wave gliders.Then,we analyze the research status of underwater acoustic communication technologies of heterogeneous unmanned vehicles at home and abroad from the viewpoints of model method theory,technical system implementation,and practical application.Considering that the current under-water acoustic communication technology cannot meet the requirements of constructing a high-performance three-di-mensional marine information system,the development trend of the related technologies is prospected based on typical application scenarios from the perspectives of adaptability,systematism,and integration.